1500. | 
prifons of Philadelphia fhould be adopt- 
ed in this country, fuch perfons could no 
longer be confidered as ulelefs and unpro- 
fitable hands. 
There is another clafs of a very diffe- 
rent defcription, who are fupported by the 
labour of others: this is the nobility and 
gentry, whole exemption from labour is 
confidered as a part of their honour and 
diftinétion. Some, it is true, hold em- 
ployments under the government, and a 
few are engaged in agriculture and trade, 
but the majority, who fubfiit on the in- 
come they poflefs, without following any 
ufeful occupation, is probably not lefs 
than 5000. 
Thefe numbers include perfons of both 
fexes, and are all rather below the truth, 
than beyond it; together they amount to 
2,102,500 perfons, and, being deduéted 
from the whole population of 7,000,000, 
makes the number of thofe who work 
4,897,500. But it is well known, that 
of thofe who gain a fubfiftence by their la- 
bour, many follow employments which, 
though more or lels neceffary and ufeful, 
do not, in the leaft degree, increafe the 
quantity or value of the produce of the 
country ; the number of thefe unproduc- 
tive labourers is nearly as follows:— 
Army, officers, and men, in- 
cluding half-pay, commiflaries, 
DEE EOr oe i a ec in ge 450,000 
AVE AIEEDS 6 ia. So, ap vi (20,000 
Officers and clerks employed 
in collecting the revenue, and 
other offices under government, 6,000 
Clergy of the churches of 
England and Scotland, . . 18,000 
Ditto, diffenters of every de- 
ICMGNIS Ne We lak Gv Ed OO0 
School-mafters (exclufive of 
clergymen) and {chool-miitreffes 20,000 
Judges, counfel, attorneys, 
fheriff’s officers, jailors, and all 
perfons employed in the execu- 
tion of the laws, except contfta- 
bles, headboroughs, &c. . . 14,000 
Players, muficians, dancing- 
PEN LR ESS Ce STP alle a 5,000 
Women fupported by their 
hufbands’ labour, . .. . . 300,0¢c0 
Female fervants of all de- 
SCHIDHONS pokey oe piss hss, AOO,ODO 
Wale fervantsynhs oss. «200,000 
1,147,000 
it muft be confeffed that the number of 
fome of thefe claffes of perfons cannot be 
afcertained with much precifion: this, 
however, is of no great importance, if the 
total is not far from the truth, as the ob. 
Mr. Grellier on the National Wealth. 
Q7 
je&t is chiefly to fhew the proportion of 
unproduttive to produétive labourers ; the 
latter may be diftinguithed according to 
the following ftatement :— 
Merchants, brokers, factors, 
and others, depending on fo- 
FEM MAR, es os. oy us wae 
Clerks to ditto, and in the of- 
fices of commercial companies, 
Seamen in the merchant’s fer- 
vice, including coafting-trade 
ANG MAMSLIES xen eiies Wei 
Lightermen, watermen, &c. 
Perfons employed in the dif- 
ferent manufactures, . . . 
Mechanics, not belonging to 
the manufactures, fuch as car- 
penters, bricklayers, mafons, 
wheel-wrights, fhip-wrights, 
boat-builders, &c. . 
Painters, engravers, carvers, 
and other artilts, 
Shopkeepers, viz. butchers, 
bakers; publicans, fifamongers, 
poulterers, paftrycooks, gro- 
cers, chandlers, pawnbrokers, 
apothecaries, &e. =. « - 
Farmers, graziers, and all 
perfonsemployed inagriculture, 
including millers, mealmen, 
farriers, horfe-doctors, &c. .« 154.27,500 
pall detent es ENE 
33750;000 
Thus we fee, that in this country the 
whole people depend for fubfiftence, and 
all the conveniences of life, on the labour 
of little more than oze talf; and the in- 
creafe or decreafe of this number, and of 
the effect produced by the individuals who 
compofe it, is the meafure of the increafe 
or decline of national firength. Ina dif- 
ferent ftate of fociety, however, the num- 
ber of thofe who are included in this clafs 
would vary confiderably ; for if thofe whom 
we confider as unproductive labourers, 
were not employed in their feveral voca- 
tions, their duties, or at leaft the principal 
of them, mutt be divided among thofe 
who at prefent are the efficient labourers, 
who, thus being obliged to give up a part 
of their time to unproduétive purpofes, 
could not perform the fame quantity of 
ufeful labour as at prefent; and confe- 
quently, to dupport an equal population, a 
greater number of perions would be com. 
pelled to engage, at leaft partially, in pro- 
duétive employs. 
Of thofe who obtain a fubfiftence by 
defending, inftructing, or ferving others, 
the greater part are-highly ufeful to the 
community, and in the prefent ftate of {o- 
ciety a nation could not exiit without 
Ea them ; 
25,000 
49,000 
110,000 
3,000 
2000,000 
40,000 
5:000 
100,000 
