28 
them ; but as they do not contribute tothe 
production of any of the neceffaries of life 
or articles of commerce, it is evident that 
they depend entirely on the exertions of 
the productive labourers, who are the 
fource, not “only of the general jubfiftence 
and of the nieans of commerce, but of all 
accumulation of ftuck, which is, in fact, 
the furplus of former produce beyond the 
confumption. The power of acquiring 
national wealth, therefore, depends prin- 
cipally on the proportion of produétive la- 
bourers to the whole number of inhabi- 
tants; for though the population of a 
country fhouid “have greatly increafed, if 
it had been chiefly by an addition of idle 
hands, the produce would remain the 
fame, and the confumption being much 
greater, the country mult become poorer: 
but it likewife depends, in a great mea- 
fure, on the facility with which labour is 
performed ; for if a country contained only 
half the number of Jabouring inhabitants 
with the fame number of other perfons it 
had at a former period, but this half, by 
means of machinery and other improve- 
ments, could produce the fame effect as the 
whole number before, fuch a country would 
become confiderably richer, though the 
total population was diminifhed, and the 
proportion of unpreduétive to produétive 
perfons increafed ; for there would be the 
fame fupply and amuch lefs confumption, 
and wherever the produce or fupply ex- 
ceeds the confumption, there will be an ac- 
quifition of ftock; for, unlefs the furplus 
could be referved for fome ufeful or de- 
firable purpofe, it would foon ceafe to be 
produced, by the fupply falling to the level 
of the demand for confumption. The fur- 
plus referved, or converted into ftock, is 
a fund for fapporting an increafe of exer- 
tion, or for fupplying the means of future 
ebjoyment. 
. (To be continued. ) 

For the Monthly Magazine. 
ACCOUNT OF THE TOWNSHIP OF SALE, 
“ "IN CHESHIRE. 
Mane Townfhip of Sale, in Chefhire, 
is diftant about five miles from 
Manchefter, and two from Altringham ; 
is bounded on the north fide by the river 
Merfey, which feparates this part of the 
county from Lancafhire, and is interfeSted 
by the Duke of Bridgewater's canal, 
which is here fupphed with water from 
several {mali ftreams which run through 
~ the Townfhip. The principal proprieier 
1 
Acctunt of the Town/hip of Sale, in Chefbire. (Auoult 1, 
is Charles White, efq. of Manchefter, 
who has a country feat here. The Town- 
fhip confifts of about fix hundred and fifty 
Chefhire acres, five hundred and twenty 
of which are in cultivation. A confi. 
derable part of Sale adjoins the turnpike- 
road from Manchetter to Cheffer, which 
is a very favourable circumitance to our 
farmers, whote conitant intercourfe is with 
the fermer place. The lands on the 
north-eaft and welt fides of Manchefter, 
being better fituated for carrying on, the 
different branches of the fultian manufac- 
ture, are little uled for agricultural pur- 
pofes, hence that populous town is, ina 
great meafure, fupplied with vegetable 
food from fuch parts of Chefhire as lie) 
neareit to it. So excellent a market, and 
at fo convenient a diftance, may eafily be 
conceived a capital inducement to the far- 
mer’s exertions ; I am of opinion, however, 
thofe of our neighbourhood have profited 
moft by thefe advantages. 
Twenty years ago, the average of the 
annual rent of land per acre, in this Town- 
fhip, was about forty fhillings; it is now 
five pounds or upwards, an increafe which, 
it is prefumed, cannot frequently be paral- 
leled. The foil of the Townfhip is, ge- 
nerally fpeaking, a black looie earth, 
which is found to be amazingly improved 
in fertility by the addition of marle, and 
what is hete commonly termed Manchefter 
manure, that is, a mixture of coal-afhes, 
fiable, and other kinds of dung, which that 
town produces. When large quantities 
of this kind cf manure are wanted, the 
more opulent farmers have it conveyed to 
them in boats by the duke’s canal, at an 
eafy rate; but as the carts, which take 
provifions to Manchetter, ufually return 
laden with dung, a ‘ufficient quantity is 
generally obtained in that way. An ex- 
cellent manure for grafs is alfo to be pro- 
cured by fcraping the paved roads in the 
neighbourhood. 
The river Merfey occafionally overflows 
about one-eighth part of Sale; but as it is 
meadow land which is fabject to thefe in- 
undations, excepting in few inftances, they 
are of the greateft benefit. 
Coaly and other barren impregnations 
are here feldom met with, and the land is in 
general very free from any natural obitruc- 
tions to improvement. The farms are of 
{mall fize, feldom comprifing more than 
thirry acres; and few of the fields are 
more than three acres. 
With few exceptions, fome of the fol- 
lowing courfes obtain through the Town- 
fhip: firit year, lay oats; fecond, ditte, 
ploughed 
