1800. ] 
WHAaTA THY avAwy eevorysesn, MAEIOUG. 1k. 
<¢ Well inftituted politics reject the melo- 
dy of the pipe ; and on this account Plato 
does not admit it in his Republic. But 
the reafon of this is the variety of this in- 
ftrument, the pipe, which evinces that the 
art ee it ought to be avoided. For 
thofe mufical inftruments, the panzarmonia, 
and the polychord, are imitations of pipes ; 
for every hole of the pipe emits (as they 
fay) three founds at leaft ; but if the ca- 
vity above the holes fhould be opened, each 
hole would emit mre than three founds.’ 
In this extraordinary paffage it is worth 
sblerving, that the artof conftructing thete 
pipes appears to have been entirely loft at 
the time in which Proclus lived, or the 5th 
century, as may be inferred from his ufing 
the expreflion, dacs, they fay. 
Perhaps this panarmonion was fimilar to 
the modern organ. I remain, Sir, 
Mauor-place, Your’s, &c. 
Walworth. Tuo. Taycor, 
ae 
For the Monthly Magazine. 
§« Nineveh, that great city, wherein are more 
than fixfcore thoufand perfons than cannot 
difcern between their right hand and their, 
jeft hand.” (Jonah, iv. 11). If by thefe 
120,000 perfons are to be under{tood the 
children, who had not yet learned to diftin- 
guifh between right and left, as Michaelis 
fuppofes, this paflage afcribes to Nineveh a 
populoufnefs fuperior to that of London. 
HE authors of the Univerfal Hiftory 
have placed the deftruétion of Nine- 
yeh (bef. Chr. 601) earlier than that of Je- 
rufalem (bef. Chr. 588) by thirteen years ; 
and earlier than the acceffion of Darius 
(bef. Chr. 520) by eighty-one years. Both 
politions may be quettioned. 
The fovereignty of the Medes was be- 
gueathed by Dejoces, their firft king, and 
the founder of Ecbatana (Herodot. Clio. 
¢8), to his fon Phraortes, who fubdued 
the Perfians, and attacked the Affyrians 
¢Clio. 102) ; but who perifhed the twen- 
ty-fecond year of his reign, in an unfuc- 
cefsful attempt on Nineveh. Of this at- 
tack Jonah (iii. 4) feems to have foretold 
the iflue erroneoufly. |” 
_ Cyaxares fucceeded to the throne and 
to the ambition of Phraortes, his father. 
He refumed the fiege of Nineveh (Clio. 
103) but was diverted from his enter- 
prife by a numerous irruption of Scythi- 
ans, who defeated him in battle (Clio. 
305) overran Media, and approached 
Egypt, which was then governed by Piam- 
mitichus or So. ‘This prince, in conjunc- 
tion with the trading towns of Pheenicia, 
and the people of Lirae] (Ezekiel, xxxviiis 
The Chronology of the Sieges of Nineveh rectified. 5 
13) defeated the Scythians totally at Ha- 
monah (xxxix. 16) and drove them back. 
The retreating remnant of thefe Gothic 
favages having been maflacred by the na- 
tions whom they had plundered, the Medes 
recovered their eltablifhed afcendancy. Cy- 
axares now made a third attempt on Nine- 
veh, and, accerding’ to Herodotus (Clio. 
106) took the city. 
lt is frange that no hint of fuch a cap- 
ture fhould occur in the diffule accounts of 
the reign of Hez:kiah given in 2 Kings, 
2 Chronicles, and in Tfaiah (xxxvi. to 
xxxix). It appears, however, that Shal- 
maneter, who came againft Samaria, and 
again{t Betharbel (Holea, x. 14) refided 
ar Nineveh (Tobit, 1. 3) and fent his cap- 
tives fo the cities of the Medes (2 Kings, 
xvii. 6) which imphes a dependence on 
the court of Ecbatana, dating, no doubt, 
from the conqueft of Cyaxares. Shalma- 
nefer was no new and firange prince, for 
he employs the fame general Tartan (2 
Kings, xvili. 17) as his predeceflor Sargon 
(lfaiah, xx. 1); ftill he may have been 
rendered tributary by Cyaxares; for it 
was ufual with ealiern conquerors not to 
fuperfede the eftablifhed royal families on 
the redudtion of their provinces: thus 
Manafieh and Zedekiah, both of the royal 
line, were allowed to govern Paleftine after 
its conqueft by the Babylonians, as was 
Jehoiakim after its conquelt by the Egyp- 
tians. 
Cyaxares reigned forty years; he was 
followed by Aftyages, who reigned thirty- 
five years; and Aftyages by Cyrus, who 
reigned forty-three years. A part, how- 
ever, of the reign of Altyages may be in- 
cluded in that of Cyrus. 
To Shalmanefer fucceeded his fon Sen- 
nacherib ( Tobit, 1.15) who vainly threat: 
ened Hezekiah or Sethos (Euterpe, 141) 
and who was affaflinated in the temple of 
Nifroch, by the confpiracy of two of his 
fons (2 Kings, xix. 37). To Sennacherib 
fucceeded Elarhaddon, who had Achia- 
charus, the coufin of Tobit (i. 21) and 
the patron of Haman (Tobit, xiv. 10) for 
minifter. 
Under Efarhaddon happened the de 
ftruétion of Nineveh, which was taken 
(Tobit xiv. 15) by Nabuchodonofor and 
Affuerus. 
The feizure of Ninevch by Cyaxares, 
as it did not even unfetcle the fucceffion to 
the crown, cannot have been attended with 
very great mifchief and defolation ; it 
muft be the latter capture under Efarhad~ 
don, which is defcribed in fuch ftrong 
terms by Nahum. He paints the city as 
empty and waite (ii. 10) as having come 
to 
