‘ 
4 
ee 
Bs 
: 
1800.] 
cient for the bleacher’s purpofe: and the 
faving in this inftance is, that the material 
from which the volatile alkali is extracted 
Js urine of any kind. ‘The ley is either 
extracted from urine by diftillation, or in 
its raw ftate ; and made cauftic by means 
wf lime. The proportions are one part 
of unflacked lime, to eight of raw urine, 
about a week old in fummer, and three 
or four weeks in winter. Thefe are to 
be put into a cafk for fix hours, and the 
clear liquor drawn off by a bung hole, a 
few inches from the bottom. This ley is 
added to the common materials for making 
foap, and efpecially the fifh foap, for 
which the-patentce ob:ained a patent two 
or three years ago, an account of which 
has appeared in our Magazine. Some 
preparation of the fith is however requi- 
fite, and the affiftance of the vegetable al- 
kali is required to fotten the bones, and 
render the harder parts of a fufficiently 
loofe texture to be fully acted on by the 
cauftic ammonia; and before the foap is 
thickened, the materials are to be ftrained 
through a fieve to detain any pieces of 
bone or und: flolved matter. 
In firft boiling the fifth with the fixed 
alkali, it feparates into three fubftances : 
the oil which {wims at top, and is fcum- 
med off ; a glutinous matter, which may 
be employed for glue orifinglafs ; and the 
material which turnifhes the bafis of the 
foap. The eltimate of the proportions of 
thefe ingredients in the fifh are, from fix- 
teen tons of fifh, one ton of oil, twelve 
hundred weight of glue, and abcut fx tons 
of the bafis of the foap, the reft of the fith 
being chiefly water. The patentee like- 
wife makes ule of urine, and tre volatile 
alkali contained therein, either raw, or 
the alkaline ley prepared as above, in or- 
der to firengthen common foaps, by which 
means they are alfo rendered clearer and 
whiter. If raw urine be ufed, the foap- 
liquor will bear a boiling heat; but if the 
alkali be firft extra@ed from the urme, 
only a blood-warm heat mutt be ufed, to 
mix it with the foap, otherwife the alkali 
will evaporate. Another application of 
this material is to cleanfe raw goods from 
their oily matter; which is performed 
fimply by boiling the urinous ley, and al- 
lowing the fteam which contains the alkali 
in folution, to pafs into clofe veflels, in 
which the gecds to be whitened are ful- 
pended, fo that the alkaline vapour may 
have accefs to them. 
Obfervations—Ti is well known that 
urine, even when trefh, contains a finall 
portion of volatile alkali, but by being 
kept for a time it putrifies, and during 
Montuly Mas. No. 62. 
) 
f 
New Patents lately enrolled, 
73 
this procefs much more of this valuable 
alkali is generated. The ule of putrid 
urine for feveral manufactures, and ef. 
pecially for fome operations in dyeing, has 
long been eftablifhed; but it has ever been 
a defideratum in the arts to make a good 
ammoniacal foap. This the patentee has 
attempted, by judicioufly employing a 
fixed alkali for the firft part of the procefs, 
after which the volatile aikali will act in 
an eafier manner, and’ efpecially without 
any long application of heat, where it 
might be diffipated, and much of it waited. 
Tt is befides always a defirable thing to. 
form ufefal materials out.of thofe fub- 
{tances which are generally confidered as 
refufe matter. 

MR. RAYBOULD for CANDLESTICKS of @ 
NEW CONSTRUCTION. 
A Patenr has been granted to Mr. 
WILLIAM RAYBOULD, of Great Sutton- 
fireet, Clerkenweli, London, for candle- 
{ticks on an entire new principle, which 
will receive, and hold firm, candles of va- 
rious fizes. 
In this invention the candleftick is a 
hollow pillar of metal as ufual, the candle 
is fixed into a focket compofed of a broad 
circular ring, formed of two half cylinders 
cut down perpendicularly, and fixed in the 
fame ftand, fo as to make a complete cy- 
linder when joined together. Their ap- 
proach to each other is regulated by a 
{crew, fo that they may be prefled upon a 
candle of any fize, and will hold it firmly. 
The candle flides up and down the candle. 
flick by means of a {mall knob which is 
fixed to the focket that contains the candle, 
and projects on the outfide through a lon- 
gitudinal flit in the candleftick from the 
top to the bottom. The candle focket is 
kept up to any height by a {pring which 
projeéts from its inferior part, and prefies 
on the outfide of the hollow piliar which 
forms the ftem of the candlettick. 
MESSRS. ROBERT aud SAMUEL FRYER 
for a MODE of mixing the DOWN of 
SEALS with WOOL for manujaure. 
A PaTenr has been granted to Melfirs. 
RoperT and SAMUEL Fryer, of Raf. 
trick, in the county of York, wco.len ma- 
nufaéturers, for a mode of manufacturing 
the down or wool of feals, by mixing it 
with fheep or lamb’s wool, &c. 
By this inveniion it appears, that the 
feal’s dcwn may be intreduced as an ar- 
ticle of manufacture, by being mixed with 
wool in feveral parts of the ufual procefs. 
It may either be added in the rough, and 
carded and fcribbled along with the wool, 
Or 
