160 Seventy Articles of Literary and Philofephical Intelligence. [Sept. 1, 
have one. The farmers have engaged an- 
bually to bring in a quantity of wheat, 
which will be returned to them the fol- 
Jowing year in exchange for an equal quan- 
tity of the new harvett. From thefe ma- 
gazines, in times of fcarcity and famine, 
the peafants are to be fupplied. 
Oz the Sugar of the Beet-root —About 
forty years ago, when Margraft of Berlin 
announced the exiitence of fargar in Beet- 
soot, it was little expected that an advan- 
tageous ufe might be made ef this difco- 
very, and that it would at laft be proved, 
that this root contained fo great a quantity 
of fugar as to render it probable that it 
might become a fubftitute for that of the 
eane. This has however been proved by 
M. AcnHarbD, whi is alfo a chemilt of. 
Berlin. The different procefies pointed 
eut by that learned Pruffian have ju‘t been 
repeated at Paris, by a committee of the 
phyfical and mathematical clafs of the 
National Inftitete, appointed jor tnat pur- 
“ pofe. The following is the refult of the 
labours of this committee : 
1, That the fpecies of Beet-root which 
grows in France, and which is diftinguifhed 
by its white bulb being crofled by reddifh 
bands or ftreaks, contains fugat, fmilar to 
that of the fame kind which M. Achard has 
made the fubieét of his experiments at Berlin. 
2. That the quantity of fugar this root con- 
tains is fo confiderable as to render 1ts extrac- 
tion an obje&t worthy of attention. 
3. That the fugar of the Beet-root, wnen 
purified, bas ail the qualities of the fugar of 
the cane. 
4. That though it is fri@ly true, that the 
expence of making the Beet-root fugar cane 
not be axaétly afcertained, until experiments 
be made on a large fcale; yet it may at pre- 
fent be prefamed, that its price will never 
exceed that of the fugar of the cane in ordi- 
nary times. f 
g. That the operation of extra€ting the 
fugar of the Beet-root, in the manner de- 
{cribed by M. Achard, is ftill far removed from 
the perfeétion of which it is fufceptible, and 
which it will doubtlefs attain, when it comes 
to be practifed by fkilful manufacturers 5 
who, confidering it as affording a new branch 
of commerce, will neglect no means of dimi- 
nifhing the expence and increafing the pro- 
duce. ; 
6. Finally, thatas there exift feveral va- 
rieties of the Beet-root, itis to be wifhed that 
st were afcertained whether there be not fome 
more rich in fugar than that which M. 
Achard has pointed out. 
The above is the fubftance of the report 
made to the .phyfical and mathematical 
clais of the National Infiitute, by the com- 
mittee appointed to repeat the experiments 
of M. Achard. The report itfelf, which 
will be fpeedily publifhed, contains the 
details of the experiments that have been | 
a 
made, and from which the committee has 
deduced this conclufion—‘* That there is 
reafon to prefume that the Beet-root may 
one day become a fubffitute for the fugar- 
cane.’” 
We are informed by letters from Ma- 
drid, that the King of Spain has inter- 
ceded with the King of Naples in behalf 
of Dolomieu, the naturalilt, fo barbaroufly 
imprifoned at Palermo. 
Since the decree of the Firft Conful has 
been publifhed concerning the decoration 
of the palace of the Tuilleries with fta- 
tues and bufts of great men, it has been 
furveyed by different fculptors and archi- 
teéts. They have found that the number 
required for this purpofe would be nine 
ftatues and twenty-fix bufts. As the 
number of niches exceeded that of illuftri- 
ous men already named, the Minifter of 
the Interier has been charged with the no- 
mination of five other eminent charaéters, 
He has chofen Sully, Colbert, Ruyter, 
Montefquieu and L’Heépital.. 
The town of Haarlem, which claims 
the honoar of the difcovery of the art of. 
printing, poffefles one of the richeft efta- 
blifaments in Europe for type-founding. 
It was altablifaed in 1733 by Rodolph 
Werftein, who was affifted in this under- 
taking by an excellent arti from Nurem- 
berg, of the name of Fleifchmann. ‘The 
property and fuperistendence of this ma- 
nifacture then devolved to John Enfchedé, 
who enlarged it confiderably. In 1768, 
when he publifhed his profpecius, it con- 
tained 160 forts of chara&ters, of which 
47 were Oriental. Ithas been fince tripled 
in number, principally by the accefiion of 
the foundery of the brothers Ploos of 
Amfterdam, who joined in the Haarlem 
concern. Enfchedé died lait year at Haar- 
Jem. Qne of the mof curious monuments 
of his induftry which he has left behind 
him, is an exact fac-fimile of the famous 
treaty of Utrecht, with all the original 
fignatures. The States-General defrayed 
the expence of this work, and relerved to 
themfelves the diftribution of the copies. 
LaLAaNDE reports, that the Inftitute has 
received from the Batavian government a 
curious and valuable Arabian aftronomical 
work, made by Ibn-Junis, in the tenth 
century, the original of which has long 
been depofited at Leyden. 
The French government have printed 
at their own expence a tranflation from 
the Englifh, of Vancouver’s Voyage 
with all the charts, plates, &c. finifhed in 
the moft perfe& ftyle. Among the tranf- 
lations of Englifh books into French, we 
-alfo obferve the following: M. Clery’s 
his con- 
Memoirs of Louis XVI. during 
finement . 
