214. 
appear that there has been a confiderable 
increafe of the general income. Sir John 
Sinclair, in his ‘* Hints addreffed to the 
Public, Sc.” in 1733, obferved, that the 
income of the country arifing from lands, 
commerce, and manufactures, was com- 
monly calculated at 100,c00,000l. which 
he was inclined to think rather alow valu- 
ation; and there can be little doubt, that 
of late years the profit derived from each 
of thefe fources has confiderably increaf- 
(oft 
A part of the national ftock or capital 
produces no income; fuch as the money 
in circulation, furniture, apparel, &c. and 
on the contrary much income arifes with- 
out capital, being folely the recompence of 
labour, A very confiderable proportion 
of income arifes from capital and labour 
united, fuch as that of moft farmers mer- 
chants, and retail traders, and the dificul- 
ty of diftinguifhing, in many cafes, that 
part of the income of individuals which is 
the wages of their labour, from the part 
which fhould be confidered as the profits 
of their capital, muft render every at- 
tempt to particularize the amount of the 
different branches ot income liable to ob- 
jections ; the following ftatement is, how- 
ever, prefumed to be not very inaccurate; 
From rent of lands - £.33,000,000 
—— dittoofhoufes - 8,500,000 
Profits of farming, or the 
eccupation of the land - 6,120,000 
Income of labourers in 
agriculture = = 15,000,000 
Profits of mines, collieries, sa 
and inland navigations - 2,000,000 
(pe ee ee ee 
Carried over = £.64,620,000 



. * The great augmentation of the public 
yevenue appropriated to the fervices of go- 
vernment, and the increafe of the nation- 
al debt, however difadvantageous in them- 
felves, are proofs that the general income 
has much increafed. Formerly the pub- 
lic accounts at the exchequer were kept ina 
peculiar character, and it is a curious circum- 
ftance, that this obicure fpecies of arithmetic 
was defeétive, in having no charaéters to ex- 
prefs fuch high numbers as millions, fo far 
were the framers of it from having any idea 
of the extent to which the revenue of the 
country was to be extended. At prefent 
the public revenue, including the income-tax, 
and the taxes voted annually in lieu of the 
land tax, amounts to 37,000,c00l. and the 
national debt is about ten times the amount 
that in 1716 was decmed-infupportable. 
Mr. Grellier on the National Weakh. 
[O€tober x, 
Brought forward - £.64,620,00@° 
Profits of fhipping in mer- 
chants’ fervice, and fmall 
craft - - 1,000,000 
Income of ftockholders 15, 500,000 
From mortgages,and other 
money lent on private fecu- 
rity - - 3,000,008 
Profits of foreign trade 11,250,¢00 
Ditto of manutaétures 14,100,000 
Pay of the army and navy, 
and feamen in merchant’s 
fervice = - 4,500,000 
Income of the clergy of 
all defcriptions 2 . 2,200,008 
Income of the judges, and 
all fubordinate officers of the 
law . = ' 1,800,008 
Profeffors, {chocimafers, 
tutors, &c. - : 660,008 
Retail trades not immedi- 
ately conneéted with foreign 
trade or any manufacture - 8,000;00@ 
Various other profeffions 
and employments - 2,000;000 
Male and female fervants 2,000,000 
ce Be 
Total -- £.130,570,000 
Of this annual fum, the part drawn 
from other countries by commerce is ftated 
at 11,250,000l. which is founded on the 
fuppofition, that from what we have be- 
fore ftated the capital employed cannot be 
lefs than 75,000,0001. and that the profits 
thereon, including thofe of all perions im- 
mediately depending on foreign trade, 
may be taken at 15 per cent.- It muft 
not however be fuppoted that the nation 
receives an accefiion of wealth, to the 
amount of 11,250,o00]. annually from 
this fource ; whatever payments are made 
to other countries for the dividends on the 
fare foreigners hold of cur public debts, 
or as fubfidies to their governments, or 
{pent therein in the maintainance of troops, 
or by Britith fubjects occafionally refident 
there, operates to the diminution of this 
profit in a nationai view. The actual 
wealth which the country acquires by its 
intercourfe with other nations, may be 
very different from the profits of the indi- 
viduals concerned in trade, as a fum equal 
to a great part, or even the whole, of juch 
profits may be fent abroad in the various 
ways juft mentioned. The balance of 
trade in favour of the country has ulually 
been eftimated by the excefs of the exports 
beyond the imports, and a comparatively 
{mall amount of the latter has been confi- 
dered highly defirable; this is a concife niode 
of determining a very important point : but 
even if the cuftom-houle accounts. were 
. . much 
