33% 
to retreat, wounded, and with the lofs of 
about 200 men. Pazman Onlu retired to 
Sewerlik Banya, concealed himilelf there 
about fifteen days, fourded the lentiments 
of the inhabitants of Widdny and the fur- 
rounding country, and, the people being 
every where much attached to him, foon 
affembled a body of about 3000 men. In 
June, 1792, he a fecond time took Wid- 
din by furprife, having kept up his former 
fecret correfpondence with the citizens ; 
and in the fame night chaced the Bafia and 
all his adherents out of the city; after 
which he garrifoned both the city and the 
fort with his own troops. The Porte now 
fent Pekmefkts Bafla to Widdin, with a 
commiffion to propofe a reconciliation to 
Pazman Oblu. ‘This envoy remained two 
years inactive, and with a na:rowly cir- 
cum{cribed authority in Widdin. Soon 
after appeared the edict of the Sultan, by 
which the Janiffaries as well as Spahis 
were to be abolifhed, and from a part of 
them a regular ftarding army formed like 
that of the other European powers. On 
this fubjeé&t there were great difputes and 
divifions in the Divan itfelf. ‘The chief 
Mufti, whowas at the head of the party 
_which oppofed the meafure, caufed tho no- 
tion to be fecretly fpread among the peo- 
ple, that this innovation was contrary to 
the doétrines of the Great Prophet, and 
that true believers were not only bound 
not to co-operate in putting the decree in 
execution, but even enjoined to oppofe it 
with all their might. The Janiffaries, 
however, who had behaved badly in de- 
tending againft the Auitrians and Ruffians 
fome fort:fied places where they were fta- 
tioned in garrifon, were, notwithfianding 
all oppofition, driven, with the lofs of all 
their goods, from their dwellings, and the 
Mountaineers (Ker/chaliks), who had ot- 
fered their fervices to put the Suitan’s or- 
der in force, were appoicted to fupply their 
places. Pazman Onlu did not let fo fa- 
vourable an opportunity pafs without 
turning it to his advantage; he declared 
himfelf the defender of the Janiffaries and 
the Spahis, and thus every where ac- 
qui ¢d a great number of adherents. The 
oppofition party in the Divan ithilf fided 
with him; and the Janifiartes, and all the 
mal-conten's throughout the empire looked 
up to him as their guardian-angel. 
In the year i7¢4, another commiffioner, 
Hall Mut.i Bafla, was tent by the Porte 
to Widdin, to endeavour to come to fome 
nereement with Pazman Ohlu. Hafhi 
Niuit: Biffa {poke of the clemency of the 
Sulan, and extered Widdin without any 
guard; but the attempt te bring about an 
Seme Account of Paffwan Oglu, or Paxman Oblu [Now 13 
accommodation failed ; and in the year 
1795, Pazman Ohlu had already greatly 
extended his power. In the {pring he fent 
a detachment of about 1000 men, by wa- 
ter and by land, to furprife Nicopolis. 
The firt attempt was unfuccefsful ; the 
town, however, was forced to furrender 
after a fiege of twenty days. Pazmam 
Ohlu appointed one of his moft faithful 
adherents, who was wholly devoted to his 
will, Ajam (or firft magiftrate) in Nicopo- 
lis. In the month of December of the 
fame year, he fent againft Belgrade the 
Janiffaries who had been difbanded.  Af- 
ter a number of men had fallen on both 
fides, the Janiffaries fucceeded iu taking 
the city and the old cattle; but in July of 
the following year, after Haflan, then Baf- 
fa of Belgrade, had long employed all his 
forces againt them in vain, they were 
again, during a bloody conflict, driven 
out by the Servians and Kerfehaliks. 
The Sultan now ordered Rumeli Wal- 
lefi (then firft officer of the empire after 
the Grand Vizier) to attack, in conjunc- 
tion with the Bafla of Belgrade and four 
other Baflas, the rebel Pazman Ohlu with 
a mighty force. In 1796, an army of 
50,000 men was colleéted about Widdin ; 
but then Pazman Ohlu: had with him for 
his defence 40,000 of his adherents. He 
was ftrongly intrenched in the city and 
fort, which he had taken care to fupply 
fufficiently with provifions and ammuni~ 
tion. After many fruitlefs attacks, in 
which a great number of the Grand Sig- 
nor’s troops perifhed, Rumeli Wallefi again 
offered favourable terms to Pazman Onlu, 
and promifed to obtain his pardon at the 
Porte, on his paying soo purfes. This 
propofition was approved of by the Porte, 
and the treaty feems to have been actually 
concluded ; and after a fiege of three 
months, the Grand Signor’s troops de- 
camped from before Widdin. But Paz- 
man Ohlu made ufe of this opportunity to 
ftrengthen his party, and to add new for- 
tifications to the city; and in the year 
1797 fent large detachments of troops 
again{t Nicopolis, Adrianople, and Sophia 
on the one fide, and againtt Belgrade on 
the other. Nicopolis and Adrianople fur- 
rendered: but at Belgrade and Sophia the 
affailants were defeated with great lofs, 
and feveral hundreds taken prifoners, who 
were all executed as traitors. After this 
the Grand Vizier himfelf received a com- 
miffion trom the Porte to colleé& a large 
army for the purpofe of annihilating the 
daring and contumacious rebel. In the 
year 1798 he aflembled about 60,000 men, 
with whom he befieged Widdin. But 
Pazman 
