$10 
theology. They have ftill a decided at- 
tachment to thefe fciences; but it is no 
lefs certain, that they now give the pre- 
ference to natural hiftory, rural economy, 
mathematics, mechanics, and the objects 
of philofophy. and politics, to w hich 
mut be joined the Jelles lettres, for which 
they fhew much tafté. Accordingly their 
country may boaft of many libraries, 
both public and private, the moft con- 
fiderable of which, that of Upfal, con- 
tains, in manufcripts alone, 20,200 lite 
rary productions. In the fechosntl 
century, it received large augmentations, 
in confequence of the Swedes having 
carried their arms into Wurtzburgh, 
Prague, Olmutz, Pofen, Wilna, é&c. 
The putchafe of books, efpecially thofe 
publifhed in other countries, is in general 
very confiderable, for the ewene: are fond 
of foreign literature If at prefent it be 
leis profecuted than might be expected 
from a nation poffefling fo acne defire 
for reading and initruction, this effect 
ynuft be attributed to different accident- 
al caufes. Among thefe causes, we may 
mention the courfe of exchange which 
has long been fo difadvantageous to Swe- 
den, &e. The abfolute want of dili- 
gences interrupts the conveyance of books 
during their tedious winter. Add to 
this that the liberty of the prefs is much 
fettered ; for it was only during the few 
ears of the regency, that the Swedes 
had the advantage os publithing their 
works freely. In 1794, the printing of 
the French Cont titution, and alfo of that 
of America, was abfclutely prohibited | 
And now the liberty of the prefs is fe, 
verely reftricted, as we have obferved in 
another place. 
‘The Swedith code of laws was formed 
in 1736, from the ancient codes and the 
cuftoms of the country, and as it under- 
went effential modifications in the diet 
of 1778, under the anfpices of Gulta- 
vus Ill. a new edition of it was publifhed 
inz78t. Jt is belieyed. that the laws 
miuft have received coolants tons and ad- 
ditions ina great number of royal ordi- 
mances, and yet it is cften neceffary to 
réiort to the ancient laws and. inftitu- 
tions for mterpretations of the new cnes. 
The civil law is only taught, in order 
to furnifh the fudents with the princi- 
ples and elements cf jurifprudence. 
From the ordinary tribunals, en ea 
lies to thofe cf the fecond rank, and, 
the laft wells, to the fupreme nel of 
the king, which is compofed partly of no- 
bles, partly of burgeffes, the king him- 
felf having two votes. In cates of crimes 
againtt the ftate, a tribunal is formec 
of fenators, of the chief judges of the. 
A Defeription of Modern Saveden. 
{ Jan: 15 
tribunals, and of diftinguifhed military 
officers. 
Perhaps there does not exift a people 
more difpofed to commiuferation and be- 
neficence than the Swedes; and accerd- 
ingly they have eftablifned a great num- 
ber of hofpitals, and other foundations 
for the velief of the indigent. Is this be- 
caufe the more men are expofed to fuifer 
privations and penury, the more they are 
inclined to prevent and remedy thofe 
evils? For it is proper to obferve, that 
the Lutheran form of religion does net 
make charity fo effential a duty as the 
Catholic. Still it remains for Sweden to 
follow the example of Hamburgh, Mu- 
nich, Kehl, Copenhagen, &c. which may 
be propofed as models to all Europe, as 
has been elfewhere intimated. By this 
means, acts of beneficence will receive 
fuch a direction, that induftry will expe- 
rience the neceffary encev uragement, and 
no unhappy individual will remain defti- 
tute of relief. 
‘The Swedifh army is diftinguifhed into 
conicripts, or national troops, and re= 
cruits, who are eee foreign 1€rs, and 
who do conitant duty, efpecially in the 
garrifons, whi le the contcripts receive 
pay and provifions only, when engaged 
in cual, fervice." In 1790 there were 
6,900 horfe, and 2,750 drageons, both, 
chiefly neovess befides 500 ‘huflars and 
light horfe. The national infantry 
amount to 24,961, and the recruits, or 
foreign infantry, to 12,290, of whom, 
3230 form the artillery. ‘The total num- 
ber ef the army, including the officers 
and the royal guards, is 46,000. Mili- 
tary employments in Sweden are mot ex- 
P ofed to fale, any more than in Denmark. 
Tf the troops of thofe kins Gone receive 
lefs pay than thofe, f for example, of France, 
it woi ild, 1 how ever, bea great “maihake to 
fuppofe th tha it their maintenance cofts no 
more than that of the Ruffian army. 
Every article neceflary for the equipment 
of the Swedith troops , &c. is produced 
and manufactured in the country. There 
is a military tchool at Cariiberg, in the 
viemity of Stockholm. 
Guftavus lif, made great efforts to re- 
eftablifh and augment the navy, which 
confifts of large {hips and {mall flat-bot- 
tomed veflels. At the commencement of 
the late war, the Swedill 1 Jhips of the 
line amounted to PR with a propor- 
tionable number of inferior veffels. But, 
fo fatal were the naval operations ef 
792, that, including the new shay 
which have been fince conftructed, it 
would not be rafh to “m, that "the 
Swedith fleet, at leaft chet whi ips ¢ of thi 
fisi-rate, is at prefent reduced to litt 
"Ee 9 
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