BREEDERS, GROWERS, DISTRIBUTORS 33 
CRIMSON Trifolium incarnatum 
Crimson clover is a winter annual growing eight to thirty inches tall, has very hairy 
leaflets with whitish markings in the center and produces long, crimson-colored seed heads. 
Best adapted to well-drained, moderately productive to rich loam and clay loam soils in 
the high rainfall belt. Used for green manure, grazing, hay, and erosion control. 
EMERALD SWEETCLOVER Melilotus sp. 
An entirely new annual white-blossomed sweet clover developed by the Texas Agricul- 
tural Experiment Station and introduced in 1944. It branches profusely from the crown, 
is many and fine stemmed, leafy, green-seeded and is shorter than Hubam. Adapted 
wherever Hubam is grown, it is especially valuable as a pasture or hay crop, recovering 
more rapidly from close grazing than Hubam, which it nearly equals in soil-improving 
possibilities. The seed is readily distinguished by its emerald green color. 
EVERGREEN SWEETCLOVER Melilotus alba var. 
Evergreen is white flowered, biennial in growth habit, and its leaf, stipulate, stem, and 
flower characteristics are similar to common biennial white sweet clover. When com- 
pared to common biennial white clover, the first year’s growth is tall, coarse, and 3 to 4 
weeks later in maturity. It blooms over as long a period and sets seed freely. The harvest- 
ing of large seed yields is difficult because the seed shatters, due to the rank growth 
characteristics and the long blooming period. In the eastern edge of the Great Plains 
states frequent periods of high temperature and drought are conducive to low seed 
yields. Evergreen is well adapted to this area and throughout the corn belt. 
HOP Trifolium agrarium 
An annual winter and spring clover better suited to drier upland sandy soils than White 
Dutch. Furnishes excellent grazing and improves the soil. Plants 6”-8” high spreading to 
erect; stems numerous, fine and leafy, inclined to be woody, but not tough at maturity; 
flower heads yellow; seeds very small, shiny, oblong. Often found in mixtures with White 
Dutch. 
HUBAM SWEETCLOVER Melilotus alba var. annua 
A most valuable annual legume crop for grazing and soil improvement. Discovered as a 
sport in a field of Biennial Sweetclover, which it closely resembles; introduced as a 
commercial crop by Prof. H. D. Hughes about 1915, Hubam is subject to frost injury, 
but may be sown in south Texas from September through November or after January 
first; from San Antonio to Waco in January to March; from Dallas northward, in March 
and April. It makes rapid and luxuriant growth valuable for grazing, matures before 
cotton root rot becomes active and shows promise in the control of this pest. An important 
winter cover crop and soil builder in the citrus orchards of the Rio Grande Valley, can 
be plowed under with advantage when either young or mature; used also for silage and 
is very desirable for bees. 
LADINO Trifolium repens 
Ladino is a large form of White Dutch clover. It is rapid growing and spreads by 
creeping stems that root at the nodes. The leaf and flower stalks are hollow. Does not 
flower as profusely as White Dutch. Under favorable conditions leaves, stems, and 
flower heads are 2 to 4 times larger. Usually a perennial, but will die if conditions 
become too dry or when soil temperatures remain very high for considerable periods. 
Used for soil improvement, orchard cover, pasture, hay, and silage. Adapted to the 
more fertile, moisture retaining soils. Should not be grown in areas having less than 35 
inches rainfall annually unless under irrigation. 
MADRID YELLOW SWEETCLOVER Melilotus officinalis 
Madrid Sweetclover is a strain of Melilotus officinalis. It is a hardy biennial yellow 
variety, obtained by the U.S.D.A. several years ago from the Botanical Garden, Madrid, 
Spain. Lower-growing, leafier, finer-stemmed, and has an early seeding vigor that makes 
it more desirable for droughty conditions than common biennial sweet clover. 
Used for hay, grazing, erosion control, and soil improvement. Adapted generally 
throughout the west on fairly tight soils high in lime and free of cotton root-rot. Plant 
in the spring in Texas and in the southern part a fall planting may be made. 
