BREEDERS, GROWERS, DISTRIBUTORS 4] 
SMALL GRAINS FOR GRAZING, HAY OR GRAIN 
BARLEY 
Hordeum vulgare 
For succulent and nutritious grazing. Withstands alkali soils and the drier climatic conditions 
better than other small grains, but thrives best on fertile, moist, porous lime soils with good 
drainage. Often sown with oats, rye, and wheat for a well-balanced mixed pasture. Plants 
not so tall as wheat and oats but earlier maturing; stems coarse; leaves broad, bluish-green. 
Especially desirable for early fall pasture. 
TUNIS 
A spring variety developed by the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station and recom- 
mended for fall seeding in the southern blacklands of the state. It is highly resistant to 
leaf rust and well adapted to harvesting by direct combining. The seed of Tunis barley 
should always be treated with a seed protectant for the control of seedling blight and 
leaf blotch. 
WINTEX 
A winter variety developed by the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station which is espe- 
cially well adapted to North Central Texas. 
EMMER (Speltz) 
Triticum dicoccum 
A winter grazing and grain crop of the wheat group well adapted to cold, wet, sandy and 
clay soils, also used in south Texas vegetable fields as a wind break to protect young vege- 
table crops, particularly vine crops. Plants form dense clumps, growing tall and erect, with 
stiff straw. About as winter hardy as oats. Seed remains in chaff when threshed, then is fed 
as ground feed to livestock. Emmer is very resistant to stem rust and smut; it should not be 
confused with Spelt, Triticum spelta, a kindred species which is susceptible to rust and not 
adapted to the Southwest. The common name “speltz,” which is applied to both species, is 
confusing and should be discarded. 
MILLET 
Millets have been grown since ancient times for food, feed and hay. Of the several kinds and 
varieties of millet—Big German, Pearl, Proso, Hungarian, and Siberian—the first named is 
most widely grown because of its high yields of hay and seed, and its wide range of climatic 
adaptation. Millets are warm weather crops, not cold hardy or drought resistant; and having 
a very extensive but shallow, fine, fibrous root system. They require a loose, loamy, moist 
soil, highly fertile, free of trash and well worked. The best quality hay results when cut in 
the bloom stage. 
BIG GERMAN Sefaria italica 
Introduced to American agriculture about 1870 and long regarded as the most valuable 
millet for producing consistent high yields of fine quality hay, in about 60 days, or 
seed, highly prized as feed for poultry about two weeks later. Its range of adaptation 
may be increased by row planting, and cultivation controls weed growth, conserves 
moisture, and reduces the soil condition referred to as “sod bound”. Plants 3-5 ft. tall, 
stems coarse and very leafy. Seedheads large, long, heavy seeded; seed small, yellow; 
seedhulls intact. 
