126 
"The third method is thewn at Figures 
4 and 4, annexed, and is applicable in 
cafes where the water to be railed is be- 
fow the level of the main pipe, and 1s to 
be difcharged at that level ; 
eccur in the drainage of mariny lands, 
where the ation of the current of water of 
am embanked river, or other ftream or 
farce of water on a higher level, can be 
smployed ; or this method can be applied 
+ raifing water out of the holds of thips, 
or other veffels, by the motion of the vel- 
det througo the water. 
Vhis is explained by Figures 3 and 43 
where C is the main pipe. A Is the re- 
eciving-valve. B the ftop-valve, open- 
img outwards. D the afcending or fuck- 
ame pipe. J the air-veflel; and E the 
weight. The water in the main pipe 
kaving. acquired a proper velocity, the 
fop-valve fhuts : the water in the main 
pipe; continuing its motion for a time, 
gcaws air out of the air-veilel. Then, 
the momentum of the water in the main 
upe being expended, the receiving-valve 
guts, and the ftop-valve opens, the water 
regains its velocity, and the operation is 
repeated; and thus, im a few ftrokes, 
(te exhauftion increaiing,) the air-veffel 
fucks wp water from below, by the af- 
cencding-pipe ; and this being continued, 
the latter pipe fills, by degrees, to the 
top; after which, at every fucceflive 
firoke, a portion of the water rom below 
pailes into the main pipe, and ts carried 
of, with the upper water, to the place of 
delivery - 
The fourth method is fhewn at Figures 
s and 6; in, which cafes, the tide, or- 
ether alternating current, 1s emploved as 
the power, and applied to the vaifing ot 
writer, for the ufe of falt-works, or tor 
other wifes. 
This is done in two ways, either by 
applying a ftop-vaive, air-veffel, &c. to 
each end ofthe main pipe, as in Frzgure 5, 
to be ufed-alternatety, according as the 
tide fets in the one direction or the other ; 
or by applying*two main pipésto one ar 
weffel, as in Fig.6, and to be uled alter- 
nately, as aforeiaid. 
The ffih method is thewn im Ficures 
z ani%; in which the main pipe CCC ts 
bent in form of a fyphon, to pafs over 
fome obftacle, fuch as a low hill, or 
eminence, not higher than thirty feet a- 
hove the furce. ‘In Fig. 7, the water 
railed is fuppofed to be delivered at the 
exit-valve A, on a level with the upper 
part of the bend of she fyphon, and the - 
fop-valve B is placed at the entrance ot 
the air-veffel. | 
Mr. Boulton’s Patent for raifing Water. 
which cafes — 
f Aug. 
The air-veflel is introduced, becaufe, 
without it, the water inthe leg CX would 
move only by ftarts, and, »y being fud- 
denly ftopt in its motion, would act ViG- 
lently in fhutting the ftop-valve; but, by 
the intervention of the air-veffel, the 
water will run in C X nearly in a ccél- 
‘tinued ftream, while it runs in an inter- 
rupted one in the leg CC. It is necef- 
fary, in this form of conftruétion, that 
the exit-valve fhould be placed under 
water, contained in a box or ciftern, left 
air fhould enter. 
In the fyphon, Fig. 8, the ftop- valve 
is fixed at the bottom or lower end of the 
delivering-leg C X; and, when that valve 
fhuts; the water is difcharged into the 
air-veffel J; whence it afcends, by the 
pipe DD, to the defired height. 
The fyphon may be fet to work, either 
by: pumping out the air, or by fhutting 
both its ends and filing it with water, 
(as is ufual in fuch cafes,) when, the 
ends being opened, it will immediately 
fet to work. 
The fixth method relates to fuch appli- 
cations of the above-mentioned general 
principle of refiftance, (or vis inertia, ) as 
require the co-operation of fome inde- 
pendent or extraneous power, to put the 
water of the main pipe in motion, abfo- 
lute or relative. 
Figs. 9, 10, 10 (@), rt, and 11 (2), 
(Plate 2.) fnew fome applications of this 
method, in lieu of pumps, for raifing 
water. 
Fig. 9, CC, is the main pipe, bent in 
a fpiral form round the air-veffel J: it 
may either touch it, or be kept at a dif- 
tance from it, and makes one or more re- 
volutions round the faid veffel. The 
whole of the main pipe is immerfed in 
the external water to be raifed; one end 
is open to it, and the other has a valve 
epening inwards; and, near this latter 
end, a communication is made, bya fide- 
pipe and exit-valve, with the air-veffel. 
The whole turns on a pivot K; and the 
afcending pipe D ferves as an axis, which 
is kept upright by a collar, in which it 
turns, at L. Uponthis axis is fixed a 
toothed wheel M, which is. put in motion 
by another wheel N, turned by a winch, 
crank, or other contrivance. At the top 
or upper end of the afcending pipe, the 
water is difcharged into a trough, which 
furrounds it, and conveys it to the place 
of its deftination, This apparatus is 
made to raife water by a continued rota- 
tive motion, the open end moving fir ; 
for whenever, by that motion, the main 
pipe has attained'a proper velocity, a 
{ ops 
