» 
1798.] 
The Royat Socrery at COPENHA- 
GEN has propoled the following priz 
queftions : i: 
Whiat nations difcovered America, and 
kept up an-intercourie by fea with that 
country before the Norwegians, and how 
tar did the difcoveries of the latter extend 
towards the fouth? the proots of fuch 
conjecture mult be drawn partly from 
written documents, and partly from mo- 
numents now exilting,{uch as monuments, 
edifices, languages, &c.? 
What will be the data for eftimating 
the quantity of heat produced in different 
circumftances, and by different combut- 
tible materials uled in ceconomical pur- 
pofes, fuch as wood, turi, foffil and pit- 
coal of every fpecies? Thefe mui be 
calculated at leat for four different cafes. 
r{t, Where the fuel is burnt ina ftove, in 
“order to heat a given quantity of air, as 
ina chamber: 2d. When employed for 
boiling any liquid: 3diy. When ufed for 
hardening any foit fubitance, as in baking 
bricks: qthiy, When employed tor melt- 
ing any hard body, as in fufing metals in 
an aflaying or melting furnace. “Thefe 
experiments muft!be fo infituted, that 
froin them may be computed both the pro- 
portional effects of each method of apply- 
ing heat, and the ceconomical advantages 
of each {pecies of fuel. 
What is the higheft degree of heat that 
the fteam of water can communicate to 
other bodies ? Can that part of the water 
in Papin’s digeter, which is not in the 
form of vapour, acquire a greater leat 
than 212 of Fahrenheit ? 
What are the moft remarkable fteps in 
the progrefs of pra&tical philolophy, from 
the time that it was firit brought to a 
regular fy{tem down to the prefent period? 
AGRICULTURE. Modern hufbandry 
has introduced many important improve- 
ments in the rotation of crops, but per- 
haps few more advantgeons than the late 
one of fowing turnips after flax, hemp, 
l 
Rotation of Crops....Parfnips....Lime, Se. 
208 
and crops of that kind, as is done in fe- 
veral different counties. 
Many ufetul diicoveries have unquef- 
tionably been gradually introduced in the 
feeding of domeftic animals by different 
Englifh farmers; but there are many 
roots that have been but little attended to © 
in this point of view in this country: of 
this kind is the par/fuip, which from its. 
containing a large portion of the faccha- 
rine princiole muft be highly nutritious : 
on trial, it has indeed been found both 
in Guernfey and Jeriey, where it is cul- 
tivated on a large {cale, to be extremely 
profitable for fattening hogs and different 
kinds of poultry, 
Another improvement of this fort is 
much lets attended to by practical far- 
mers than its importance feems to require. 
This is the bruiling and proper reducing 
of corn before it is employed in the feed- 
inc of animals. Ifthis be properly per- 
formed, the writer of this article. is con- 
vinced, from a variety of trials, that a 
faving of at leaft one third of the grain 
may be effeSted.’ The principal cbjec- 
tions to this mode of feeding are the trouble 
of performing the operation, and the ex- 
pence of the uteniils. The latter might 
perhaps be much obviated by an altera- 
tion of confruction, and the former cah- 
not be of much confequence in many fitu- 
ations. ‘Lhe fubject, at leait, in every 
point of view, deferves more confider- 
ation, 
Though modern chemiftry has cer+ 
tainlyithrown great light on the operation 
of lime applied as a manure, the dubject 
is not yet free from diticulties. The 
chief way in® which it ~edects ufetul 
changes in lands, is however moit pro- 
bably by tpromoting the putrefactive 
procefs, and thereby increafing the quan- 
tity of carbonaceous matter, and render- 
ing new combinations favourable for ve- 
getation more ealy. 

Ewe oe ASE EINES 
Enrolled in the Month of Auguft. 
Mr. Durer’s, FOR A METHOD OF LAY- 
ING Bars OF IRON AND STEEL FOR 
DOUBLE BARRELLED GUNS. 
ETTERS patent have been granted 
to Mr. W. Dupe, of Hammer- 
fmith, gun-maker, for a new method of 
jaying and manufacturing bars of iron 
and fteel for double barrelled guns. 
The invention confifts in taking two 
rods of iron of a jefs diameter than the 
intended calibers of the barrels, laying 
them parallel to each other and furround- 
ing them with fteel, or a mixture of ftcel 
and iron, to an equal thicknefs with the 
hars, and then over the whole applyigg 
an iron coating, and welding the whole 
together completely. When the barrels 
are bored, the inner rods are cut out (be- 
ing of lefs diameter than the calibre of 
the barrel) and ¢he ouside iron, which 
lerved 
