1809.] 
to be ufed in France, it was called berbe 
du Grande-prieur, from the then grand- 
prieur, of the houfe of Lorraine; who was 
very fond of it. Ft was likewife once 
known by the name of herbe de St. Croix, 
after Cardinal Pro/per St. Croix, who, on 
his return from Portugal, where he had 
been Nuntio from the Pope, introduced 
into Italy the cultom of ufing tobacco. 
In 1565, Conrad Gefner became ac- 
quainted with tobacco. s\t that time, 
feveral botanifts already cultivated the 
plant in their gardens. 
In 1570, they fill {moked in Holland, - 
out of conical tubes, compefed of palm- 
leaves plaited together. 
In 1575, firft appeared a figure of the 
plant, in André Thevet’s Co/mographie. 
In 1585, the Englifh firft faw. pipes 
made of clay, among the native Indians 
of Virginia; which was at that time 
difcovered- by Richard Greenville. - It 
appears likewife, that the Englifh foon 
after fabricated the firft clay tobacco- 
pipes in Europe. 
In the beginning of the 17th century, 
they began to cultivate tobacco in the 
Eatt-Iiidies. ; 
In 1604, James the Firft of England 
endeavoured, by means of heavy impotts 
to abolith the ufe of tobacco, which he 
held to be a noxious weed. 
In 161¢, the fmoking of tobacco was 
known at Conftantinople.~ To render the 
cuftom ridiculous, a Turk, who had been 
found fmoking, was conducted about the 
ftreets with a pipe transfixed through his 
nofe. For a long time after the Turks 
purchafed tobacco, and that the refufe, 
from the Englifh. It was late before 
they learned to cultivate the plant them- 
felves. 
In 1615, it appears, that tobacco began 
to be fown about Amersfort in Holland. 
In 1656, they began to cultivate to- 
bacco in Virginia: the feeds had probably 
been carried thither from Tobago. | 
In 1619, King James [, wrote his 
Mijocapnos againft the ufe of tobacco ; 
and ordered, that no planter in Virginia 
fheuld cultivate more than 100 pounds. 
In 1620, fome Englifh companies in- 
troduced the cuftom of {moking tobacco 
in Zittau, in Germany.—See Carpzov’s 
Zittauifcher Schanplatz, vol. ii. p. 228. 
In 1620, Robert Konigfmann, a mer- 
chant, brought the firlt tobacco- plant 
from England .to Strafburg, , 
In 1624, Pope Urban VIII. publithed 
a decree of excommunication againft all 
who fhould take fnuff in the church, be- 
caule.then already fome Spamfi eccleti- 
Mr. Graham on the Hiftory of Tobacco. 
39 
aftics ufed it during the celebration of 
mafs. 
In 1631, fmoking of tobacco was firft 
introduced into Mifnia, by the Swedithi 
troops.—See Kamprad’s Lezfnipuer Chro-. 
WG, Ps 442. 
In 1634, fmoking was forbidden in 
Roffia, under the pain of having the nofe 
cut off. 
In 1653, they began to fmoke tobacco 
in the canton of Appenzell, in Switzer- 
land. At firft, the children ran after’ 
thofe who fmoked in the ftreets. ‘The 
council likewife cited the {mokers before 
them, and punifhed them; and ordered 
the innkeepers to inform againft fuch as 
fhould fmoke in their houfes.—Walfer’s 
Appenzell Chron. p. 624. 
In 1661, the Police- Regulation of Bern 
was made, which was divided according 
to the Ten Commandments. In it, the 
prohibition to {moke tobacco ftands under 
the rubric, ‘ Thou fhalt not commit 
adultery !’’ The prohibition was renewed 
in 1675; and the tribunal particularly 
inftituted to put in execution (chambre dit 
tabac) continued till the middle of the 
prefent century. — See Sinner’s Voyage 
biftor. et litter. dans la Suiffe occidentale. 
Tn 1670, and in the following years, 
fmoking of tobacco was punifhed in-the 
canton of Glarus by a pecuniary fine of 
one crown, Swifs money. ( 
In 1676, two Jews firft attempted the 
eultivation of tobacco in the margraviate 
of Brandenburg; but which, however, 
was net brought to bear till 1682. 
In 1686, ‘Tobacco firft planted in the 
canton of Baiil. 
In 1689, Jacob Francis Vicarius, an 
Auftrian phyfician, invented the tubes for. 
tobacco-pipes, which have capfules con- 
taining bits of fpunge: however, about 
the year 1670, already pipes were ufed 
with glafs globules appended to them, to 
colleé&t the oily moifture exfuding from the 
tobacco. 
In 1690, Pope Innocent XII. excom- 
municated all who fhould be guilty of 
ufing {nuff or tobacco in the church of 
St. Peter at Rome. 
In 1697, great quantities of tobacco 
already produced in the Palatinate and in 
Heffia. 
In 1719, the Senate of Strafburg pros 
hibited the culture of tobacco, from an 
apprehenfion left it fhould prove injurious 
by diminifhing the growing of corn, 
In 1724? Pope Benediét XIV. revoked 
the bull of excommunication, publifhed by 
Innocent, becaufe he himfelf had acquired 
the habit of taking fnuff, ; 
In 
