40 ~ Account 
¥n 1753, the King of Portugal - Rix doflars. 
farmed out the tobacco-trade 
for about - = 
The revenue of the King of. 
Spain from tobacco, amount- 
ed to - - - 
In 1759, the duties on tebacco 
_. in Denmark, brought in 
In 1770, the Emprefs Maria 
Therefa received from du- 
ties, &c. ontobacco =—_—= 
In 1773, the duties on.tobacco 
in the Two Sicilies, amount- 
ed to - - - 
In 1780, the King of France 
‘yecelved from tobacco a re- 
venue of 29 millions of livres, 
that is, about - 
Total annual revenue of thefe 
fix kingdoms from duties, &c. 
on tobacco - - 
2,500,000 
723393933 
40,000 
$06,000 
446,coo 
75250,000 
ee, 
48,372,933 

A fum greater than the revenues of the 
kingdoms of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden, 
together on an average amount to. 

<< To me it appgars probable,”’. (re: 
marks Profeflor BECKMANN) ‘* that even 
“* before the difcovery of the fourth quarter 
*¢ of the clobe,a fort of tobacco was {moked 
6©in Afia’”.—This conjefture being men- 
tioned to the celebrated traveller M. Pallas, 
he gave the following anfwer: ‘* That in 
«© Afia, and efpecially.in China, the ufe 
of tobacco for fmoking is more ancient, 
than the difcovery of the New World, 
Ttoofcarcely entertainadoubt, Among 
the Chinefe, and among the Mongol 
tribes who had the meft intercourfe 
with them, the cuftom of {moking is 
fo general, fo frequent, and become fo 
indifpenfable a luxury; the tobacco- 
purfe affixed to their belt, fo neceflary 
an article of drefs; the form of the 
pipes, from which the Dutch feem to 
to have taken the model of their§, fo 
original; and, lafily, the preparation 
of the yellow leaves, which are merely 
rubbed to pieces and then put into the 
pipe, fo peculiar; that we cannot 
poffibly derive all this from America 
by way of Europe; efpecialiy as India, 
S¢ 
CT Ss 
€¢ 
€¢ 
€¢ 
Ly 9 
€¢ 
éc 
€¢6 
é¢ 
€<¢ 
€¢ 
66 
€< 
&< 
&< 
é6 
&s« 
£6 
<< not fo general, intervenes between Per- 
fia and China. May we not expect to 
find traces of this cuftom, in the firft 
account of the Voyages of the Portu- 
euefe and Dutch to China?’”—To in- 
veltigate this fubjeGt, I have indeed the 
inclination, but, at prefent at lea&t, not 
_ fuffcient leifure; and muft, therefore, 
leave it to others.——-However, I can now 
acduce one important confirmation of my 
é¢ 
4 
e< 
c¢ 
where the habit of fmoking tobacco is- 
[Feb. I; 
conjecture from Ulloa’s Veyage to America, 
vol. i. p. 139.—** It is not probable,” 
fays he, ‘< that the Europeans learned the 
“* ufe of tobacco from America; for, as 
it is very ancient in the Eaftern coun- 
tries, it is natural to fuppofe, that the 
knowledge cf it came to Europe from 
thofe regions, by means of the inter- 
courfe carried on with them by the 
commercial ftates on the Mediterranean 
fea. — No where, not even in thofe 
parts of America where the tobacco- 
plant grows wild, is the ufe of it, and 
that only for fmoking, either general 
or very frequent.” 
CHARLES GRAHAM. 
of Gilfland. 
€¢ 
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es 
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es 
€6 
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For the Monthly Magazine. 
SHORT ACCOUNT of GILSLAND, AND 
1TS MINERAL WATERS. By T. Gar- 
NETT, M.D. Profefor of Natural 
Pkiofophy and Chemifiry in the Royau 
INsTITUTION of Great Britain. 
ILSLAND isa watering-place in Cum- 
berland, which has been long reforted 
to by invalids and others from Scotland and 
the northern counties of England.. It is 
fituated about two miles north of the read 
leading from Carlifle to Newcaftle, and is 
about eighteen miles diftant from the for- 
mer place. ‘There are only two houfes for 
the accommodation of the company, which 
are large, and upon the plan of thole at 
Harrowgate. Ass living is here remark: 
ably cheap, and the tables very well fur- 
nifhed, this place is réforted to by many 
befides invalids. 
The morning, when fine, is generally 
fpent in walking andriding; the dinnerhour 
is three; and after tea the company go to 
the ball-room to dance, which amufement 
continues till nine, the hour of fupper. 
The mixture of company from diiferent 
parts of Great Britain,and Ireland, all af- 
fociated together like one family, whole 
great object is to fpend the time agreeably, 
is extremely fafcinating. This promif- 
cuous afiociation leads, as might be ex- 
pected, to that more intimate acquaint- 
ance -between the fexes, which produces 
courtfhip: in fact, Gilfland is more cele- 
brated as a match-making-place, than any. 
watering- place in Britain; and the cele- 
brated temple of Hymen, Gretna-Green, 
being only cighteen miles diftant, is fre- 
quently, reforted to by the fond couples, 
where the veteran defcendant of Vulcan 
rivets the fetters which he keeps ready 
forged for the purpole *. 

* The certificates of the martiage are often 
kept ready figned, with blanks left for the 
names of the parties. 
The 
