4.2 Account of Gilfland, 
From thefe experiments it is evident 
that this water is impregnated with. /ud- 
phurated hydrogen gas, that it neither con- 
tains fulphuric acid, lime, nor iron; but 
that it, probably, contain’ fome muriate, 
as would appear from the eftetits produced 
by the nitrate of filver: accordingly, on 
evaporating flowly a wine-gallon of this 
water, E found four grains of faline mat- 
ter, which was chiefly muriate of foda, or 
common falt. 
Twenty-five cubic inches of gafeous 
fluids were expelled from a winetgallon of 
the water, of which feventeen were ful- 
pharated hydrogen gas, four azctic gas, 
and four carbonic acid gas. The analyfis 
of a gallon of this water will therefore 
fiand thus 
Muriate of foda, or common falt 4 grains 
Sulphurated hydrogen gas - 41, aoe 
Azotic gas = = La aca jae 
Carbonic acid gas. - a | J Mirieee 
So that it refembles the fulphureous water 
of Moffat, of which I have given an ac- 
count in the ninth number of the Medical 
and Phyfical Journal. When the gafes 
are expelled by boiling for a few minutes, 
the water wathes very well, and makes ex- 
~ eellent tea. 
Though this is the water which is re- 
forted to and chiefly drank at Gilfland, 
there is a fine chalybeate near the Shaws, 
which deferves more attention than has hi- 
therto been paid to it. It is fituated on 
the common, at thediftance of not more than 
two hundred yards fromthe houfe, inabog- - 
gy or moffy foil; the road to it is very bad, 
but might eafily be made better. The water 
fparkles a little when poured out of one 
-glafs into another, has aftrong inky talte, 
and depots a copious yellow fediment. 
The following experiments were made 
with this water, 
z. Tindure of galls produced a beauti- 
ful dark purple colour. | 
2. Muriate of barytes caufed no change. 
3. Acid of fugar produced no effect. 
4. Acetite of lead caufed a white cloud. 
s. Nurate of flver the fame. . 
When boiled, it depofited-a yellow fe- 
diment, and tinéture of galls then pro- 
duced no effect: but acetite of lead and, 
nitrate of filver caufed the fame changes as 
before. : 
From thefe experiments it is evident that 
his water contains iron held in folution 
by a volatile acid, which is undoubtedly 
the carbonic, of which it contains about 
thirteen or fourteen cubic inches, with 
zbout five or fix cubic inches of azotic gas, 
for the experiment was not made, with 
great nicety. It appears likewife that it 
ecntains the muriatic acid combined with 
by Dr. Garnett. [Feb. 1, 
fome bafe; and on evaporating a wine- 
galion of the water, I found it contained 
two grains and a half of iron, and about 
three of common fait or muriate of foda. 
A wine-gallon of the Gilfland chalybeate 
water appears therefore to contain 
Of iron . - 25 ve 
Muriate of foda = = 3 t shies 
Carbonic acid gas, about, 14 | cubic 
Azotic gas - - (Se. suinches: 
So that it very much refembles the chaly- 
beates at Moffat and Harrowgate, and in- 
deed the greater number of chalybeate wa- 
ters, which generally contain from two-to: 
three grains of iron, fufpended by car- 
bonic acid. 
While I was at Gilfland, fome water 
was brought to me, taken up from @ 
fpring about four miles diftant, which was 
tran{parent, but of the colowr of brandy. 
It had a ftrong ferruginous, ftyptic tafte, 
much ftronger than ink. ib & 
Tincture of galls produced a precipitate, 
which very much refembled Pruffian blue, 
but a little darker. Muriate of barytes 
caufed a copious: precipitate. Acid of 
fugar and nitrate of filver produced no 
change ; acetite of iead caufed a thick white 
fediment. From thefe experimengs, and 
the evaporation of fome of the water, it 
appears a faturated folution.of fulphate of 
iron and fulphate of alumine. It is much 
too ftrong and unpleafant for internal ufe, 
but it has been employed externally to 
wafh old ulcers with very great effect. 
The fulphureous water, which is the only 
one much referted to, is chiefly ufed in 
what are called bilious and nervous com- 
plaints, and, in fhort, in alldy{peptig cafes. 
Et is drank in dofes of from half a pint to: 
two or three quartsin a morning, and ce- 
nerally acts very powerfully as a diuretic, 
ut often produces coftivenefs, which ought 
to be carefully obviated, otherwife a difa- 
greeable giddinefs comes on. 
The moft important properties of this 
water, refulting from its application as a 
warm bath in herpetic eruptions, chronic 
rheumati{ms, and feveral other difeafes, as 
is done at Harrowgate'and Moffat, are here - 
entirely neglected, there being no conve- | 
niencies for bathing. I endeavoured te: 
perfuade Mr. Coultherd, who keeps the 
Shaws, to get a bathing-tub, and provide 
proper accommodations for warm bathing, 
which he promifedtodo. The chalybeate 
water deferves much: more attention than 
has been hitherto paid to it, and would 
probably be much more ufeful in nervous 
and dyfpeptic complaints than the fulpbur- 
water. Tuo. GARNETT. 
Royal Inftitution, Albemarle. Street, 
FRRs E53, TBO, 
