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2,08 
ftrangers’ admiration ; -but every one ad- 
mired ftill more the immenfe labour of 
SPALLANZANI, who had colleétcd every 
part of it. 
The Emperor Jofeph knew this when 
he caine into Lombardy; he defired to 
have a converfation with SPALLANZANI, 
and his majeity expreffed his approbarion, 
by prefenting him with his medal in gold. 
Theaniverfity of Padua offered to Sp aL- 
LANZANI, in 1785, the chair of natural hif- 
tory, which the death of Anthony Valli/= 
nért had left. vacant, promifing him 
more confiderable advantages than thofe 
which he enjoyed-at Pavia; but the arch- 
duke doubled his penfion, and allowed him 
to accompany to Conftantinople the Che- 
valier Zulbiani, who'had juf been nomi- 
nated ambaifador from the republic of Ve- 
nice.’ 
He left this city the 21ft of Auguf ; 
and during his voyage made feveral ob- 
fervaticns upon the marine productions he 
met with in thofe climates, as well as upon 
the meteorological events of every day, 
among which he had the advantage of be- 
holding a fpecies:of. water-fpout. He 
touched at feveral iflands iu the Archipe- 
lago, which he examined, and went afhore 
at Troy to vifit the places {ung by the poet 
whom he preferred to all others; and in 
treading upon that ground fo anciently 
famous, he made fome geological ob- 
fervations fruly original. One may judge 
before hand of the intereft we flall feel in 
reading the Voyage of SpaLLANZanl, by 
fome memoirs which have appeared in the 
Wemorie della Societa Italiana upon the 
water-{pouts at fea, the ftroke of the tor- 
pedo, divers marine produétions, and the 
ifland of Cytherea, where he difcovered a 
mountain compofed of various fpecies of 
foils. SPALLANZANI arrived at Conftan- 
tinople the 11th of October, and remained 
there eleven months : he muft have been 
greatly out of his clement in that country 
of ignorance and fuperftition, if he had 
not had nature to ftudy, and Zuliani to 
hear him. The phyfical and moral phe- 
nomena of this country, quite new to him, 
fixed his attention ; he ftrayed over the 
borders of the two feas, and climbed up 
the neighbouring hills ;. he vifited the 
ifland of Chalki, where he made known to 
the Turks a mineof copper, the exiftence 
of which they never fo much as fufpected. 
He went to the Prixcipi Mland, at a few 
miles diftant.from Conftantinople, where 
he difcovered an iron mine equally un- 
thought of by the Turks... He returned 
to Europe loaded with fpoils from the Eaft, 
Life and Labours of Spallanzani. 
. fame proportion it became the obje&t of 
- [April 1, 
compofed of the creatures of the three king- 
doms, peculiar to thofe regions: after hav- 
ing been ufeful to the Orientals, who were 
incapable of appreciating his merit, or ra- 
ther of imagining he could have any; he 
fet out on his return for Italy the -16th of 
Auvguft, 1786. 
A journey by fea was in évery refpec& 
the moft fafe, and the moft commodious ; 
but SPALLANzANI confidered the dangers 
and the inconveniencies of the road as no- 
thing when employed in any beneficial 
puriuit ; he braved all the perils of thofe 
defert regions, where there is no police, 
no fecurity. When he arrived at Bucha- 
reft, he was retained there during nine 
days by the celebrated and unhappy Mau- 
rocent, hofpodar of Wallachia. This 
/ 
prince, the friend of fcience, received him ~ 
with diftinétion, prefented him with many 
of: the rarities’ of his country, and fur- 
nifhed him with horfes for travelling, and 
alfo gave him an efcort of 30 troopers 
throughout the whole extent of his domi- 
nions. SPALLANZANI pafled by Herman- 
tadtin Tran fylvania, and arrived at Vienna 
the 7th of December, after having viewed 
the numerous mines of Tranfylvania, of 
Hungary and of Germany, which lay in 
the neighbourhood of his route. SPAL- 
LANZANi remained five days ir this capital 
of Auftria; he had two very long audi- 
ences with the emperor Jofeph II.; was 
well received by the higheft nobility in 
that metropolis, and vifited by the men of 
letters. At length arrived at Pavia; the 
ftudents came to meet him out of the gates 
of the city, and accompanied him home, 
manifefting their joy all the way by re- 
peated fhouts. ‘Their great defire to hear 
him, drew him almolt immediately to the 
auditory, where they forced him to afcend — 
the chair from which he had been accuf- 
tomed to celver his leé&tures to them. 
SPALLANZANI, affected by this fcene, tef- 
tified with eloquence his gratitude and at- 
tachment ;—friendly wifhes, cries of joy, 
clapping of hands, recommenced with more 
force, and he was obliged to requeit them 
to defilt, and allow him ta,take in his houle 
that repofe which was more neceflary than 
ever. He had in the courfe of this year 
above s00 ftudents. 
~SPALLANZANI had acquired glory e-' 
nough to merit the attacks of envy; but 
his difcoveriés were too new, too ori- 
ginal, too folid to be difputed, envy 
itielf. was therefore forced to admire him 5 | 
but that unworthy paflion, being tired out 
by the increaling reputation of that great’ 
man, watched the moment to prove that 
it had not forgotten him. Envy and ma- 
lignity 
