1800. ] 
the fhape of the limb. When neceflary, a 
{mooth comprefs of cork lined with fome 
foft nmiaterial is put between the brafs foot 
and the limb. When the tourniquet 1s 
to be applied, the {crew with its foot is 
put upon the limb, the Joofe end of the 
bandage paffed round, and drawn up as 
tight as can be conveniently done through 
the flit in the upper brals frame, over the 
moveable roller, and fecured by the buckle 
pins, as has been mentioned. If any addi- 
tional preffure is then required, one or two 
turns of the fcrew will give it, and the 
bandage will*remain quite tight till the. 
operator chooles to loofen it. 
Obfervations.—The neceffity of ufing 
a tourniquet or circular bandage round a 
limb, in order to comprefs the upper’ part 
of an artery, of which the lower part has | 
been wounded and is pouring out its con- 
tents, has been known for fome centuries 5 
and the compreffion being in all cafes pretty 
eafily made, there has been lefs variety in 
the conftruétion of tourniquets, than per- 
haps in moft other furgical infruments. 
As however the common tourniquet re- 
quires the conftant attendance of an affif- 
tant, it was thought ufeful in fome cafes, 
efpecially in the hurry of a field ofbattle, 
where the attendants on the wounded are 
but few, to have a tourniquet, which, when 
once applied, fhould remain fixed at the 
requifite tightnefs, or might be managed 
by the patient himfelf. Such an inftru- 
ment was invented by M. Petit, a moft 
eminent French furgeon; and Petit’s {crew 
tourniquet has been well known for many 
years by every furgeon, though. but, 
feldom ufed. The prefent inftrument 
feems to refemble M. Petit’s invention in 
a very confiderable degree, efpecially in 
its principal feature, that of applying the 
preffure by a brafs {crew, and may certain- 
ty be confidered as fome improvement. of 
that of the French furgeon. 
ree ie 
MR. WM. BOLTS, for NEW MODES of 
IMPROVING the FORM, QUALITY and 
USE of CANDLEs, &c. ‘ 
A PaTENT was granted to Mr. Wit- 
LiaM Bo tts, late of Alderfgate Street, 
now of Cannon Street, London, for new 
modes cf improving the form, quality and 
ufe of candles, &c. 
The invention here fpecified, includes a 
number of diftinét branches, and is ap- 
plied to the.improvement of the form of 
candies, the method of manufacturing 
them, and the ‘conftruétion of the wick. 
The moft material alteration in the pre- 
fent invention, from the common mode of 
New Patents lately enrolled. 
485 
making candles, is in faving by; far the 
greater part of the wick, and this can only 
be effegted by having a moveable wick 
which is kept conftantly foaking in the tal-. 
low as it melts, and thereby the cotton is 
itfelf confumed very flowly, as is the cafe 
with all lamps fed by oil. The patentee 
employs two methods for this purpofe, 
the one, that of making candles entirely 
folid, and without any wick paffing thro” 
them, and applying this latter, which then 
is very fhorr, upon the top of the folid 
candle, where it burns like a lamp, the heat 
which it affords when fir lighted “being 
fufficient to give the firft fupply of melted 
tallow, and continuelit as long as there is 
any part of the candle’ left unconfumed. 
Bat in order to keep the wick conftantly 
applied, it is fattened to a {mall projecting 
{pring, into which it is firmly fixed; andthe 
furface of the candle is always kept in con- 
tact with the wick, either by caufing the 
wickftand to pafs ‘round the candle like 
a collar, which, moving freely on the can- 
die, will fink in proportion as this is con= 
fumed; or by making the wick-ftand im- 
moveable, and putting a fpiral {pring at 
the bottom of the candleftick, which con- 
ftantly protrudes the candle upwards > gainft 
the wick in proportion as the tallow is 
confumed.—The fecond method of con- 
ftructing the candles, is thatof making 
them in the ufual fhape, but perforated 
through their whole length; and the wick 
in this cafe is a {mall tuft of cotton, which 
is put into the opening at the top of the 
j hollow candle, and a thread is attached to 
its, lower part, paffing down through the 
perforation to the bottom of the candle, 
where it penetrates the candleftick, and is 
wound round a key or pivot 5 and by tur- 
ning this laft, the wick that is attached to 
thé upper part of the thread will be pulled 
down in proportion as the candle confumes. 
This ingenious: method will alfo entirely 
prevent the gutturing of candles, as all 
the tallow that is melted is readily abforb- 
ed by the wick. By a variation in the 
form of the candle, it may be made to per- 
form the office of an Argand’s lamp; for’ 
which purpofe it is compofed of a hollow 
cylinder of tallow, including another cy- 
Jinder alfo perforated, and the wick, which 
is of a circular form, is here placed between 
the inner and outer cylinders. , In all thefe 
cafes the wick is compofed of thread, 
placed longitudinally, and not twifted, as 
is the cafe with the common wicks, which 
certainly affifts the capillary attraction of 
the melted \tallow. Neither will thefe 
wicks require f{nuffing, except now and 
then, to remove the carbonaceous matter 
which 






