540 
Heidelberg near Reichenftein in the Bo- 
hemian Foreft, 3517 feet 
Buchbere, the higheft bafaltic mountain 
in Germany, 2741 fect. 
ty ee 
JOURNAL Of a4 TOUR through SCOTLAND, 
' made in 1798, by JOHN HOUSMAN. 
WT ULY 21t.—I leftCorby, and proceeded, 
i) by way of Carlifle and Longtown, to 
Langholm, in Roxburghfhire, 23 miles.—— 
On my frit outfet, the road leads me along 
the fertile and beautiful fields on the bor- 
ders of the Eden; which river Icrofs at 
Warwick-bridge,over anold but firongitone 
bridge. This river is the principal one in 
Cumberland, and traverfes the fineft part 
of that county. It rifes in Weftmorland, 
pours its clear waters rapidly along a peb- 
bly or rocky channel, and empties itfelfin* 
to the Solway-frith. Warwick-hall, the 
feat of Robert Bonner Warwick, Efq. 
prefents itfelf on the right: and, as we 
ride up the village of Warwick, the church 
is feen on ahill, difplaying marks of con- 
fiderable antiquity; efpecially the femi-cir- 
cular fluted form of the choir. Hence to 
Carlifle the country is fine, fertile, level, 
well-cultivated, and chiefly divided into 
fmall farms; with a foil generally of fand, 
or light loam; and produces turnips, barley, 
and clover, of the beft quality. Here we 
ohferve the mountains, placed at a great 
diftance, on every fide, and an extenfive 
view is admitted from fome parts of 
‘the road, particularly along the borders of 
Scotland. Thisis the market-day at Car- 
lifle, and the farmers are flocking thither 
with the produce of their farms ; an ob- 
jet pleafing enough ; but the fight of the 
many colliers indirt and rags, driving along 
the road their meagre, half. ttarved horfes, 
over-loaden with coals, is fomewhat pain- 
ful. 
Carlifle is a city of great antiquity, and 
was formerly of great ftreneth. It has in- 
creafed much in wealth and population 
within the laf. 50 or 60 years, in con- 
fequence of the introduétion of the cotton 
manufacture; which,in its various branch- 
es, is now carried on here to a great ex- 
tent. The buildings are good, and the 
fireets clean and fpacious. ‘The préfent 
population of the city and fuburbs is about 
8,700 fouls.—From hence to Longtown 
the country is level, and interfperfed with 
narrow commons. ‘The cultivated lands 
are all inclofed ; and the foil chiefly clay, , 
till we crofs the river Line or Leven, and 
enter Sir James Graham’s extenfive eftate, 
where a deep fandy loam chiefly prevails. 
On this eftate, near the road, there.is like- 
wife a confiderable quantity of moorifh foil, 
Floufman’s Tour in Ycétland.- 
[July r, 
planted with Scetch firs, larches, &c. which 
gtow well, and-contribute miich towards 
adorning and fheltering the country. 
Longtown is a fmail, neat, modern-built, 
market-town ; the property of Sir James 
Graham. Its ftreets are regular and fpa- 
cicus ; and its fituation plealant. At the 
north end of this town a good ftone bridge 
takes the road over the Efk, which is a 
pretty larze river, and well ftored with 
falmon, and {maller kinds of fifh. The 
fertility of the foil, and beauty of the 
country, continue to increafe. The good- 
hels of the road, and fine thorn-hedges on 
each hand, added to the evernefs of the 
furface, and neatnefs, and regularity of 
the pretty fmall fields, give the whole a 
peculiarly pleafing appearance. Wetherby, 
the elegant feat of Sir James Graham, 
prefents itfelf juft emerging from a deep 
wood on the right. I continue’ along 
the fide of the river, and foon arrive 
at thé junction of the two kingdoms of 
England and Scotland, formed by an old 
line called the Scotch dyke, on each fide of 
which there is a turnpike bar unconnetted 
with each other. No fooner was my foot 
fet on Scotch ground than a board, over 
the door of a cottage, invited me to tatte 
the Whitky fold there. I, however, de- 
clined the invitation, and continued my 
journey along the banks of Efk, which 
are, in general, beautifully cloathed with 
wood. The ground on each fide begins to 
rife confiderably, and becomes more cold 
and fterile. The villagé of Cannonby is 
generally well built, pleafantly feated 
on the Efk, and is adorned with feveral 
neat country feats of gentlemen in eafly 
circumftances.. This diftri@t, from the 
Scotch dyke to Langholm, is almoft wholly 
the property of his Grace the Duke of 
Buccleugh.—Leaving Cannonby, TI ftill 
purfue the courfe of the river; the vale 
is about a quarter of a mile broad, and di- 
vided into convenient farms, on a part of 
which turnips, potatoes, barley, oats, 
and clover are cultivated, but the greateft 
divifion is in pafturage. The fides of the 
hills continue oxnamented with wood of 
various forts; and a few miles before I reach 
Langholm, the mowntainsbegin to approach 
each other, and prefently-fhut up the vale 
fo as only juft to’admit a paflage for the 
water, ‘The road is excellent, being-mnade 
of fine gravel, and fufficiently wide ; but 
here feems a great neglect in omitting to 
place railing or walls where it runs along 
the fides of precipices ; o¥ in arches ‘over 
delis. Thismuft occafiona confiderable des 
gree of danger to travellers in dark nights, 
as well asta thofe in liquor &c, The deep 
3 hang .ag 
