have conlifted enly of three or 

776 
foreigners. - The cotton trade was cer- 
tainly the offspring of this town and neich 
bourhood, whilft the inhabitants of Man- 
chefter dealt originally only in fuch coarfe 
woollens as are now made to the north of 
Bury ; and, even in the begin nning of the, 
18th. century, " principally in fmal! wares, 
hats and checks. 
Indeed, from the map of 1650 annexed 
fs Sede daleaecount oF the country round 
Manchefier, that place appears then to 
four long 
fireets, terminating in the market. place, 
or in fome buildings crowded round the 
church. But, as Manchefier became rich 
and populous by means of the induftry of 
its natives, and its ready communication 
with Londen and other places, fo its mer- 
chants were induced to purchafe cotton 
goods, particularly fuftians, frem the ma- 
nufacturers at or near Bolton. 
_ For this purpofe they originally travel- 
led hither, and, as the roads were not then 
good enough for the aes of. carts and 
wagons, ‘they fent off their as 
big Mea 3 i ; See 
pack-horfes. Now the manufacturers 
fend their goods for fale to Manchefer, 
-and at leaft on Tuefdays, almo& from 
every quarter round, throng the public 
yoads and canals to that town, which is 
now the principal mart of thetrade. © Still, 
-moft of the new patterns and machines 
have been invented at or near Bolton. 
“The celebrated Arkwright, the founder of 
the art of {pinning by water, was crigi- 
nally a barber in this place, and rather in 
indigent circumftances, till, m° concert 
with fome others, he planned the mecha- 
nifm, for which he obtained a patent, ane 
by means, of which amafled a ae opulent 
fortune. The improvements made in his 
machinery, fo as to eff-€t.as much or more 
by the hand than was before effe€ted by 
water, , Were ‘contriv d, in the year 1780, 
by a weaver, named Samuel Crompton, 
then ‘living m-a romantic and beautiful 
fituation at a place called the-Hall in the 
Wood, to the north of Bolton. Hence 
they wer e-at firft known by the name of 
the Hall in the Wood-wheels; and have 
fince been denominated Mules, as being a 
medium between the firft invented fpinning* 
machines, called Jennies, turned only with 
the hand, and thofe of Arkwright worked 
by the aid of water, the advantages -of 
which they unite, The inventor received 
from the fubferi ption of individuals rool. 
for making his invention public; the fum 
of zool. he fays was promifed him, which 
promife was never fulfilled. When the 
fimpleft carding and fpinning machines 
were firft brought into ufe, they excited an 
Account of Bolton in the Moors. 
iafes DY , 
‘ 
[ November, 
alarm, left they who had wroucht only 
with the Hand fhould be unemployed. 
Hence, in 1779, the working people in this 
neighbourhood rofe in great numbers, 
pulled down feveral factories; and deftroyed~ 
the machinery in them; but they were at 
length perfuaded, particularly by the exer- 
tions of the late Dorning Rafbotham, Efq. 
‘a worthy magiftrate, and by an excellent 
pamphlet written by Dr. Barnes, now in 
Manchefter, that the evils, which they 
fancied they forefaw, would end in their 
good; that rioting would not remedy them; 
and that in confequence of thefe inventions 
the trade would be fo much extended, 
that there was reafon to fear rather a defi- 
ciency of hands, than a want of work: 
fo it has proved. Encouraged by high 
wages, ingenious workmen from every 
part of the country round have flocked to 
this place. Native of Scetiaad and Ire- 
J-ed have migrated hither in fuch numbers, ~ 
. that they now compofle a very confiderable 
proportion of the inhabitants. Not 86 
years ago, a perfon, now deceafed, pof- 
fefied of great talents and reputation, was 
almoft literally acquainted with every one 
in the town; fo that he frequently went 
round with the muficians called the Waits 
every Monday morning in the winter, and 
was-able, by his recolleStive memory, to. 
hail by name nearly every one in every 
“houfe. 
In 1773 the houfes in Great Bolton” 
were 946, the inhabitants 4568; the 
houles in Little Bolton were 232, the in- 
habitants 771. Thus the total number of 
houfes was 1178, of inhabitants 5339. 
In the year 1789, from an account 
taken of the number of inhabitants in this 
town and neighbourhood, it appeared, 
that they amounted to upwards of 11,000. 
Notwithiffanding the war it feems, ‘frolas 
the enumeration made in-1797, in confe- 
quence of the bill for enrollment in cafe of 
invaficn, that they had increafed at leaft 
more than sooo. 
found to contain zo40 houfes, and 11,260 
inhabitants... The greateft increafe of po- 
pulation has been in Little Bolton; butas 
there has not been ‘any official account 
taken, it can only be generally ¢onjeétured, 
that its inhabitants may amount to more 
than 4occ. 
From the enumeration in- 17975 which 
was compieted only in Great Bolton, it 
was difcovered, that as the back ftreets in 
the town were about fix times mere popu- 
lous than the front, fo ftrangers and paf— 
fengers muit have very inadequate ideas of 
the fize of Bolton, and more particularly 
of the number of its refidents. From the 
natural 
Great Bolton alone was > 
te 
