1800.] 
acid, the bafis of ink and black dyes, and 
tanning, or the tarning principle which, 
when united with fkin, converts it into 
Jeather 5 the gallic acid by corrugating the 
gkin is of diflervice in the procefs of tan- 
ning. From Mr. Biggin’s paper it ap- 
pears, that the Huntingdon or Leicefter 
willow contains a greater quantity both of 
gallic acid and tanning than even the oak ; 
and that the proportion of gallic acid in 
the wood ef the common willow is to that 
contained in oak bark as nine toten; that 
therefore the Huntingdon willow may be 
fubftituted with advantage in all cafes in- 
ftead of oak bark; and that as a dye the 
common willow is very little inferior to 
the oak ; and the ath is quite equal to it. 
Gur hiftorical readers will be pleafed to 
learn, that the Le&lures on Ecclefiaftical 
Hiftory of the Jate Dr. Cange BELL, prin- 
cipal of Marifchal College, Aberdeen, are 
fo far advanced in the prefs that they may 
be expected by the middle of the month. 
Thefe were always confidered by his ftu- 
dents as the moft valuable part of his courfe 
of leétures. A life of the author, drawn 
up by the Rev. George Skene Keith, of 
Keith-Hall, Aberdeenfhire, with his por- 
trait, engraved by Milfs Watfon, will be 
prefixed to this publication, which will 
form two volumes in oétavo, 
The Philofophical Magazine, publifhed 
by Profeflor Ficure and NigpHaMMER, 
at Jena, has been prohibited at the uni- 
verfities of Leipzig, and Wittenberg, by 
a mandate of the Eleétor of Saxony.— 
The following proclamation, relative to 
the fame fubject, has been publifhed at 
Gottingen: 
** George II. by the Grace of God, &c. &c, 
Whereas the Philofophical Journal, pub- 
lifhed at Jena by Profeffor Fichte and Nied- 
hammer, contains highly fcandalous and ge- 
nerally. dangerous principles, We are urged 
by our paternal care for the welfare of our 
fubjects, toprohibit the circulation of the faid 
Journal in our German dominions.—We 
therefore prohibit all bookfellers, printers, 
&c. &c. to fell, keep, or order the faid Jour- 
nal from theft correfpondents, on pain of 
eonfifcation, and the payment of a fine of 50 
dollars, ad piss ufus. The fame prohibition 
applies to our inland and foreign poft-offices, 
reading focieties, &c. &c.”” — 
Befides the Philofophical Journal, the Re- 
gency of Hanover alfo sa prohibited lately 
the following books: 1. Veneffes graues Un- 
gebeur, 2, Des Politecte TT biethets. 2. 
Camaleon, 4. Objervante Almanach 3 and 5. 
Satyr ifcher Almanach. 
The rage for German literature is a 
confined to England alone, 1 it being equal. 
ly, if not more, prevalent in Fiance, where 
Literary and Philofophical Intelligence. 
QOl 
the tranflations of WiELAND’s, Kotze- 
BUE'’S, LAFONTAINE’S, and SCHILLER’S 
works are read with uncommon avidity. 
Even the works of the abftrufe Proteffor 
Kant have found a tranflator, and are 
more generally ftudied than in our coun- 
try. Lhe Dutch poffefs an excellent me- 
tric tranflation of the celebrated Meffiah 
of KLrorstrock, the German Milton, and 
a Latin and Dutch verfion of KanT’s 
Metaphyfical Works, but feem to ve averle 
to the naturalizing of tke productions of 
the comic and dramatic mule of the Ger- 
mans. Even Spain, which till of late be. 
held the progrefs of fcience in England, 
Fiance, and Germany, with apathy, has 
within thefe two years pat given a favour. 
able reception to the preduétions of the 
German mufe. WHIELaND’s Don Silvio 
de Rofalva, ScHiLLER’s Don Carlvs, and 
Grosse’s Genius, which in this country 
is known by the name of The Horrid 
Mytteries, having been tranflited of late 
into the Spantfh language. In Rufa all 
German Claffics, Reviews, and Maga- 
zines, are readin the original, and to be 
met with in the libraries of almott all opu- 
lent literary gentlemen. At court no 
other language is {poken than German and 
Englifh. 
Air balloons.—TETU Brissy, the fame 
who laft year in France afcended into the 
air with his horfe, 1s now trying experi- 
ments on the direction of balloons, the res 
fults of which promife happier effects than 
the trials hitherto made. This invention 
is rendered the more difficult, becaufe it 
is neceflary to find a power which may be 
oppofed tothe aétion of the wind, This 
power being found, it will be eafy to alter 
its direCtion, and to combine it in a num- 
ber of ways with motion of the valloon. 
Blanchard en‘eavoured to direct acruftatic | 
machines by means of wings, but with- 
out the defired effect, as the expence of 
the power isimmenfe. ‘The cafictt means 
to attain fuch a power is the nfing and 
falling of the balioon, which is effected 
by throwing out fome of the ballaft, or 
by opening ‘the vent to let out the nydro- 
gen gas. But it is apparent, on the 
flightelt confideration, how limited thefe 
means are, as after a few trials the whole 
ftore of ballaft and provifions will be ex- 
haufted. Teru Briffy regulates this af- 
cending and defcending, by throwing out 
a weight faftened toa rope, and hauling 
it up. During the time in which the 
weight is falling, the balloon rifes, and 
finks while he is pulling it up. The de- 
{cent of the weight is retarded by means of 
a parachute, tor the purpole of effeSting a 
6Lz2 greater 
