32 
L 
the [nftitute will deliver the gold medal 
© the bearer of the receipt; and, if 
there fhould be no receipt, the medal 
will be delivered to the author only, or 
to his agent, having the requifite autho- 
rity. 
This preliminary bufinefs being clofed, 
"DALEYRAND-PERIGORD read an effay 
on the advantageswhich may be derived, 
-on the conclufion of a peace, from the 
eftablifhment of new colonies, founded, in 
fome refpeéts, on the principles which are 
handed down to us in the hiftory of the 
ancients. 
After having fpoken of the meafures 
adopted for the prefervation of the colo- 
nies which now exift, he took a view of 
ether countries, and propofed to lay the 
bafis there of new colonies, the ties of 
which with France fhould be more natu- 
ral, more ufeful, and more curable. 
‘€ It cannot fail to happen,” faid he, 
*¢ that the fyftem of internal government . 
in France muft, in its relations with fo- 
reign countries, produce changes analo- 
gous to itfelf. The neceffary effect of a 
free conftitution is an unceafing tendency 
to adopt, both within itfelf and without 
itfelf, whatever can contribute to the in- 
tereft of the human race. The neceffary 
effect of an arbitrary government 1s an 
unceafing tendency t co adopt, both within 
and without itfelf, whatever can favour 
the particular intereft of thofe who go- 
vern. From theie oppofite tendencies, it 
is inconteftable that, fince there is no- 
thing common in the objects, a commu- 
nity of means cannct long fubfitt.” 
He! now proceeded to develope the 
motives which, after fuch a revoluticn as 
that of France, feemed to point out the 
neceflity of the eftablifnments he propof- 
ed. That revolution, he obferved, hav- 
ing deftroyed the property of many  in- 
div iduals, having thrown many otheis 
out of employment, and kindled up all 
the paffions, muft neceflarily have left 
behind it a fentiment of inquietude, a 
neceffity for adventure and hore, and an 
ardent activity which, if not direéted to- 
wards an ufeful aim, might become fatal 
to the country, and tinieh might have a 
tendency to deftroy, if unprovided with 
the means of creating. On this ground 
he confidered new colenial eftablifhments 
as highly political, and even as eMentially 
neceilary. He now examined the caufes 
by which ancient mations had been influ- 
enced in the foundation of colonies ; and 
demonftrated that no one of them was 
placed in a fituation which made thefe 
National Tg ftitute.— Literature and Fine Arts. 
[ July, 
eftablifhments fo. neceflary as they now 
are in France. The ancients in this way 
ridded themfelves of an ufelefs popula- 
tion, while France would by fucha plan 
be delivered from a dangerous popula- 
tion. TALEYRAND confidered the world 
as. being peopled merely by the pela . 
colonies : thus was Greece no other tha 
a colony of Egypt, and Carthage a co- 
lony of Tyre. Marfeilles had its origin 
in the emigration of the Phocians, and 
Rome in the calamities and deftruétion of 
Troy ; while the fouth has been re-peo- 
pled by the north, whofe fayage war- 
riors, in the firit inftance, laid it wafte. 
He next proceeded to the diftant eftablifh- 
ments which are kept up at the prefent 
time ; and took a view of the caufes to 
which their wantor fuccefs is owing. He 
obierved that governments feemed to pay 
too little attention to their colonies ; that 
the advances they made to them were In- 
fuficient ; and that the individuals who 
were ufuaily ok ed to another hemi- 
{phere were of too mean a defeription to 
allow the colonies to profper, with fuch 
inhabitants and fuch limited refources. 
Citizen Taleyrand undoubtedly propofes 
to point out the means which may’ lead to 
more favourable refults. His talents, and 
the nice ebfervation which all his wrir 
ings difplay, give us reafon to think hak. 
no one is more capable than himfelf of 
fulfilling this tafk. His efflay received 
the molt flattering teftimonies of applaufe 
from the refpeétable and numerous au- 
ditory. 
A CITIZEN, whofe name we do not 
know, read an interefting memoir on 
Sh heep. He is of opinion that fheep bred 
in France are capable of producing as 
fine wool as that from the Spanifh fheep, 
infomuch that France may, ih the manu- 
facture of the finer cloths, derive an im- 
menfe advantage from its amelioration. 
The author charmed his hearers as 
much by the intereft of the fubject he. 
treated, as by the clearnefs of his ftyle. 
The attention which is now paid to ob- 
jects of rural economy may be confidered 
as one of the happieft effects of the 
French Revolution. Formerly,a Novel, 
a Play, a Vaudeville even, was received 
with tranfport, while thofe productions 
which had for their obje&@ the progrefs of 
agriculture, of the arts, and of commerce, 
remained unnoticed. We are fenfible at 
times how effectually knowledge may con- 
tribute to public profperity ; and are 
aware that the agriculture of any coun- 
try can neyer be good, unlels the a na 
ee 
