yf 
1797. | 
Cum fremit ilicibus quantus, gaudetque nivali » 
“Vertice fe attolleus pater Apenninus ad auras. 
ER, xili. 700, 
He fprings to fight, exulting in his force ; 
His jointed armour rattles in the courfe. 
Like Eryx, or 1 ke Athos, great he fhows, 
Or Father Appenine, when white with fnows, 
His head divine, obfcure in clouds he hides, 
And fhakes the founding foreft on his fides. 
DryDEN. 
The repetition of the word guanius, 
in point of /anguage; and the circum- 
ftance of the rutting ilex-wood, com-. 
pared to the*rattling of weapons, in 
point of sdea, are beauties fcarcely to be 
furpaffed. 
Milton did not require the fame vari- 
ety of imagery for his purpofe, which 
was only to give a ftriking idea of 
firength and ftability. 
: —— On th’ other fide Satan alarm’d, 
Collecting all his might, d lated ftood, 
Like i eneriff or Atlas unremov’d. 
His ftatue reach’d the fky, and on tis creft 
Sat Horror plum’d, Par. L. iv. 985. 
The fublimity of defcription is here 
expended upon the figure cf Satan him- 
felf, and the mountains are only allu- 
fively, as it were, intrcduced, like well- 
known and famitiar-objeéts. Indeed, 
confidéring the fuperior magnitude of 
the real figure, the retembling. one could 
enly be employed for illuftration. 

JnAv 
[To be continued.) © 
EE 
DESCRIPTION OF AN HYDRAULIC 
- MAacHine&, USED BY THE CHINESE 
1N THE PKACTICE OF IRRIGATING 
LaNnps. 
[Extracted from the Account of the Earl of 
Macariney’s Embaffy to China, lately pub- 
lifhed, und-r the direction of Sir George 
Staunton: with an engraved Reprefen- 
tation, copied by his permiffion.) 
WO hard-wood pofts or uprights 
*‘ were firmly fixed in the bed of 
the river, in a line perpendicular to 
*‘ its bank. Thefe pofts fupported the 
‘axis, about ten feet in length, of a 
‘« large and durable wheel, confitting of 
two unequal rims, the diameter of one 
‘© of which, clofeft to the bank, being 
‘‘ about fifteen inches fhorter than that 
“ of the outer rim; but both dipping 
in the ftream, while the oppofite feg- 
‘© ment of the wheel rifes above the 
*‘ elevated bank. This double wheel 
‘¢ is connected withthe axis, and is fup- 
«¢ ported by fixteen or eighteen fpokes 
‘¢ obliquely inferred near each extremity 
* of the axis, and crofling each other 
+6 
Chinefe Hydraulic Machines 
113 
at about two-thirds of their length. 
They are there itrengrhened. by a 
concentric circle, and ftaftened after- 
wards to the rims: the {pokes infert- 
ed in the interior extremity of the 
axis reaching the outer rim, and 
thofe proceeding from the exterior ex- 
tremity of the fame axis reaching the 
inner and fmallerrim. Between the 
rim$ and the croffings of the fpokes, 
is woven a’ kind of clofe bafket-work,. 
ferving as ladle-boards or floats, which 
mecting fucceflively the current of the 
ftream, obey its impulfe, and turn 
round the wheel. To both its rims 
are attached {mall tubes or fpouts of 
wood, with an inclination of about 
twenty-five degecs to the horizon, or 
to the axis of the whecl. The tubes 
are clofed at their outer extremity, 
and open at the oppofite end. By 
this pofition, the tubes which happen 
in the motion of the wheel to be in the 
ftream with their) mouths or .open 
ends uppermoft, Gll with water. As 
that fegment of the wheel rifes, the 
mouths of the tubes attached to it 
alter their relative inclination, but not 
fo much as to let. their contents How 
out, till fuch fegment of the wheel 
becomes the top. The mouths of 
thofe tubes are then relatively de- 
preffed, and pour the water into a 
wide trough placed on poits, from 
whence it is conveyed, as may be want- 
ed, among the canes. 
“ The only materials employed in the 
conftruction of this water-wheel, ex- 
cept the nave or axis, and the poftson 
which it refts, are afforded by the 
bamboo. The rims, the fpokes, the 
ladle-boards or floats, and the tubes 
or fpouts, asd even the cords, are 
made of entire lengths, or fingle joints, 
or large pieces, or thin flices, of the 
bamboo. Neither nails, nor pins, nor 
fkrews, nor any kind of metal, enters 
into its conftruétion. ‘The parts are 
bound together firmly by cordage, 
alfo of flic bamboo, Thus at a very 
trifling expence, is conftruéted a ma- 
chine which, without iabour or at- 
tendance, will furnifh, from a confides 
rable depth, a refervoir with a con- 
ftant fupply of water, adequate to 
every agricultural purpofe. 
“« Thefe wheels are from twenty to 
forty feet in diameter, according te 
the height of the bank, and confe- 
quent elevation to which the water is 
to be raifed. That from which the 
plate referred to had been taken, was 
“ about 

