176 
fifis in famping and turning round the 
cloth in a huge trough, by means of 
hammers which move obliquely, together 
with a quantity of fcouring ingredients, 
till all the impurities, oil, &c. are wathed 
away. In the courfe of this operation, 
the diftinétion between the warp and 
weft is completely obliterated; and the 
cloth acquires an uniform furface, the 
threads being no longer vifible : 4 com- 
mon wafhing-machine is a fulling-mill 
jn miniature.—The curious ftranger, 
who has intereft enough to obtain a fight 
of the houfe and paintings of Mr. Joun 
Mrnnes, will be particularly ftruck 
with the performances of that eminent 
artiftt, Mr. Wrirout, of Derby. Here 
is the famous eruption of Mount Vefu- 
vius, which occafioned the fine compli- 
ment paid him by Mr. Hay Ley; a 
reprefentation of the fire-works at 
Rome; and, above all, the deftruétion 
of the Spanifh. floating batteries at 
Gibraitar, which awefully difplays his 
power to ‘rule his element of fire.”’ 
Some fmaller works of his, in the hifto- 
rical way, are alfo very beautiful, par- 
ticularly Dr.’ Bearttre’s. Edwin, 
STERNE’s Captive, Count Ugolino, 
&c. 
At fome diftance from the road be- - 
tween WAKEFIELD and HALIFAX, on 
the right hand, is Rovd’s Hall, the ref- 
dence of Mr. Dawson, the able and 
active director of the Low-Moor iron 
works; avery exterfive and important 
concern. The proprietors are in poffef- 
fion of an eftate of feveral thoufand acres, 
under the whole of which is fpread a 
valuable ftratum of iron-ftone, between 
two teams of coal of different qualities. 
It is curious that 2 confiderable part of 
this iron-ftone is intermixed and covered 
with a bed of frefh-watermuflels. Ir is, 
however, perhaps, {till more curious, that 
the fame fpecies of ihells are fuund in the 
netehbourhood of NewCaSTLe, im- 
bedded in the fame fort of fubftance (a 
lack metal or fhale) at the depth of 
pinety fathoms from the furface, and 
feventy-eight fathoms below the prefent 
low-water mark. Inthete works we faw, 
what appeared to us a curicus phenome- 
non, produced by running out the fcorize 
from the furnace upon a bed of fand, very 
much moiftened with warer, py the fud- 
den converfion of which inta ffeam, it ts 
immediately fwelled out imto a porous 
mafs of a vaft fize, and becomes almott 
the lighteft of all poffible fubftances. It 
appeared ftrengly ro illuftrate the forma- 
tion of pumice-ftone, which it feemed 
Tour through the North of England. 
(Sept. 
nearly to refemble; and which, I have 
little doubt, is formed in the vaft furnace 
of a volcano, in much the fame manner, 
fince it is obferved to be thrown out on 
vielent explofions, which are themfelves, - 
probably, produced by water coming 
juddenly in contact with large maffes “of 
melted matter.—A curious. peculiarity 
of the air is obferved at thefe works 
towards the latrer end of fummer, viz. 
that it does not ferve the fire fo efeétu- 
ally as in other times of the year, fo thar 
the metal which they make at that time 
of the year is neither fo abundant, nor fo 
good in quality: but that this defeét is 
remedied by throwing in water along 
with it. May not this be explained 
upon the principles of the new chemiftry? 
HALtrax-is chiefly remarkable to a 
ftranger for its fpacious. hall, for the fale 
of {tuff goods of every fpecies. It is not, 
indeed, fo properly a hall, as a range of 
fhops, built round an extenfive {quare, 
and opening into galleries fupported by 
fpacious colonades. The whole is of 
ftone; and has, altogether, a very fine 
effect. An Italian, who had been aceul- 
tomed to furvey the remains of Roman 
architecture in his own country, -is faid- 
to have exclaimed, “ what a noble ruin 
will this make 500 years hence!” A 
melancholy fort of prognoftic for the 
trade and manufactures which gave 
birth to it! : . 
The picafant vale of RrpponpEN is 
crowded with the handfome refidences of 
merchants, who, by their vicinity to the 
SOWERBY canal, are enabled to carry 
en their extenfive bufinefs with almof 
as much eafe as if they lived in a fea-port.. 
OF late years many extenfive faétories 
have been ereéted on the fmall ftream 
whieh runs through it, in which the 
machinery, at firft ufed in the cotton 
trade, is transferred to the woollen 
manufactory. The traveller is led, by a 
gradual afcent, to the top of the black 
ridge, called Blackftone Edge, a wild 
and barren wafte, dividing Yorkthire 
from Lancafhire ; on which the peat lies, 
in many places, ten and twelve feet 
thick. Juft at the boundary line, a vatt 
refervoir is forming to fupply water to 
the new RoeHpaLe canal. It cavers 
240 acres of ground. 
The two great undertakings for join- 
ingy by means of canal-navigation, the 
coufitics of Lancaster -and York, 
are conducted upon quite oppofite prin - 
eipies: that by RocHDALE -to 
SOWERBY bridge is carried over the 
hills by a courle of locks; that by Hup- 
3 RDERSFIELB 
