252 
from thofe who do them, a happy feries 
of other good ations, and that fuch as 
ave bad draw after them an inevitable 
feries of evils. 
*- The fame member read 
on the caufes which. have operat cat 
prevent the obtaining confiderable returns 
#rom St. Domingo. 
REDERER read three memoirs con- 
meéted with the fcience of political eco- 
pai Tn thefe he difcuffes the follow- 
g queftions : > What are the effeéts of 
Hey loans on the price of articies of 
merchandife ‘and falaries? What are the 
efte€ts of loans on the rates of interett ? 
Quaght a fate never to liquidate its debts ? 
‘The particular object of the latt memoir 
3s to refute the opinion of three polit 
writers, who have endeavoured, by ¢ 
ferent arguments, to eftablifh it as a 
principle, that a fate ought never fo 
free itfelf from its non-exigible debts, 
bat that even it ought to berrow often 
rather than impofe, to pay its ordinary 
expences. Thefe writers are Cazaux, 
Hocart DE Covsron, and CRAN- 
FORT. R#EDERER, In combating the 
errors on which each of them has found- 
ed his doégtrine, collects, at the fame 
time, and arranges a number of obferva- 
tions proper to illuitrate the {cience of 
economy, 
An eflay of TALLEYRAND was alfo 
read, on the advantages to be drawn 
from new colonies, in the 7 rerent cir- 
cumftances. 
An immenfe empire, the recent power 
and confideration of which affrighten 
fome nations, which to others is only a 
coloffus which has more bulk than real 
forse, but which ‘is not, on that account, 
the lefs an objeét worthy the attention of 
Europe, Ruitia, has fixed, for half.a 
century, that cf the Pence writers. 
Levesque, who has profoundly fiudied 
its hiftory, and has written the fame, 
read a memoir on the ancient relations of 
France with that power. No nation of the 
continenr had jefs connexion with France 
till the reign of Czar Peter 1: here the 
modern relations commence, and here 
alfo the author of the memoir ftxes. An ~ 
indireét embaffy to Louis le Debonnaire, 
in the ninth century, an intimate alli- 
ance, yet of hort duration, in the 
eleventh ceatury, with Henry I, king of 
France, who married the daughter Be a 
Rufhan fov vercign 5 t the beginni ng ot a 
commercial relation: under “Henry re" ie 
fome trace of an embafiy fent by Louis 
MIE to the father of the famous, Czar 
Perer I: tnefe are the connections 
~ Ga. 
ical 
45 f_ 
ai= 
all 
French National Inftitute. 
‘ eoalition of Pilnitz 
eoaition or Filnitz in 1790. 
between the two nations in the {pace of 
about goo years. 
Five memoirs of ANQUETIL were 
read, pertaining toa feries of hiftorical 
labours, in which he is occupied: the 
firft is on the Gauls; Germans, and 
Franks; the fecond, on the cenfpiracy 
ef the Gracchi, and “the faétions of 
Marius and Sylla; the nies confifts of 
notes on the ‘Hiftory of Sweden; the 
fourth. treats of the rights of Maria 
Therefa, of Auftria, wife of Louis XIV, 
and of the peace of Aix la-Chapelle; the 
laf is on the peace of Ryfwick. 
The little fruit drawn from hiftory for 
the government of nations, has been 
long obferved. This is, doubtlefs; 1a 
part, the fault of hiftorians, who do not 
iuficiently affimilate-the effeéts of caufes, 
and who do not compare -the refults. 
ANQUETIL has endeavoured to attain 
this objeét, by making the p parallel of the 
end of the 17th century, end the end of 
the 18h. The-diplomatic and military 
events of thefe two epochs have a ftriking 
refemblance to each other: at the end 
of the 17th century, as at the end of the 
13th, a war commenced between France 
and Europe, by two mene the 
fundamental conditions of which were 
kept very fec ret at the time, rately the 
league of Augifourgh in 1688, and the 
Daring the 
years 1791, 1792, 1793) 3794, 17955 
1796, and 1797. of the two centuries, 
Europe has been defolated by war, from 
a coalition. Louis XIV difunited the 
coalefced -powers of Augfburgh, 
making 2 feparate peace with the Duke 
of Savoy. The peace made by the 
French Republic with one of the fuc- 
ceflors of that prince, has been one of 
the firt diflocations of the coalition of 
Pilnitz. At the end-cf 1696, there re- 
mained of the league of Augfourgh, only 
Germany and England which maintained 
the war with any vigour againft France ; 
it has been the fame in 1796. The 
victories. of the French engaged thofe 
two powers to demand 2 Congrefs, which 
met, in 1697, at Ryfwick, and lafted 
fix months. The author expreffes his 
wifh, that the conferences now open at 
Lifle may be lefs long, and procure a 
folid peace. 
BuACHE announced tothe Clafs, that 
there are, in the library of St. Mark, ac 
Venice, many mannteript charts, mchitls 
repreient the ftate of geographical know- 
ledge before the difcovery of the Cape of 
Good Hope.  Itis well: ‘known that the 
Venetians carried on, for a long time, 
and 
[ Sept. 
b¥- 
= 
