254 
Portions of the thread are wound in quills 
for the fhuttle ; and others, again, are 
formed into fase ae seme dekee ee 
tightly bound round at certain intervals, 
previous to their being dyed, in order to 
prevent the parts fo tied from taking 
the .cqlour. This. is. done, that the 
threads may be difpofed in the warp, fo 
s to produce the clouds which are feen 
ja various {pec ies of the cotton goods, 
partic ularly gimgams.—The only colours 
which the cotton manufacturer ae hither- 
to heen able. to render fo permanent as to 
withftand the eiteét of bleaching, are, the 
Turkey-rea, the,dark blue, 
bud. 
ae 
make the fortune of any chemifi who 
Should difcover it. 
The warp being fixed in the loom, or, 
*inthe language of the country, gazed, 
is divided to give. paflage to the weft in 
the: fhuttle, either by two, three, or 
' more treddles; or, if the pattern, or 
courfe of changes in the order of raifing 
and deprefiing the threads of the warp, 
be various, fo that the weaver could not 
manage the requifite number of treddles, 
by a great number of ftrings which pafs 
ever pullies above the loom, and are 
drawn, one after ancther, by. a little 
boy, above whofe head they. are orderly 
difpofed in two rows, by the fide of the 
looms. Thefe looms are therefore called 
drawboys. “Ehefe boys, however, will 
fhertly be fet afide for machinery, which 
is rapidly introducing as a fubfitute.— 
For the formation o®{prigs, &c. of va- 
rious colours, there are often as many 
fhuttles as colours ; or a number of lit- 
tle {wivel-looms, fuch as they ufe for the 
weaving of tapes, are introduced ecca- 
fionally, as many as there are fprigs in 
the breadth of the piece. Quiltings ap- 
pear to be two diftinét cloths, tied, as it 
were, together, by ftitches which go 
through both cloths ; and in fome cafes, 
as in bed- quilts, there is a third fhuttle, 
which throws in a quantity of coarfely 
{pun cotton, to ferve as a kind of wad- 
ding.—The counterpanes are 
with twe fhuttles, one containing a much 
eoarfer weft than the other; the coarfer 
weft is thrown over at certain intervals, 
and the thread is picked up with an iron 
pin, rather hooked at the point, fo as. to 
form knobs difpofed in a fe of pat- 
tern. 
When 'the goods are come from the 
Joom, moft of the forts. of them, previ- 
eufly to their being bleached, are drefled 
er fired, by being drawn, as that not 
very quickly, ever very red-hot cylin- 
Northern Tour.—Cotton Man ufacture. 
eC and the 
A durable green would certainly. 
woven: 
[Oa. 
ders of iron, by which the fuperfuous 
nap is burnt off. To fee fuch an opera- 
tion performed upon fo combuftible a 
fubftance, naturally fills a ftranger with 
the utmoft aftonifhment. They are then 
wafhed in a wheel with foap and water, 
and, having been well fcoured with an 
alkaline lixivium, are dipped in the oxyge- 
nated muriatic acid diluted to its proper 
ftrength. Thefé operations are repeated 
alternately, till the goods have attained 
the requilite degree oF whitenefs ; and 
betiveen each dipping, they are laid out 
upon the ground, expofed to the action 
of the fun and air. Whea completely 
bleached, zhey are either {moothed upon 
long cables with fmoothing-irons, or 
calendered, that is, ftretched. and pref-— 
fed between a courfe of rollers, by which 
they acquire a fine glofs. Callicoes are 
printed exaétly in the fame way as the 
kerfymeres in Yorkthire ; but the works 
are ufually upon a much. larger f{cale.— 
Thickfets, cordurovs, velveteens, &c. 
are cut upon long tables, with a knife, 
of a conftruétion fomewhat like the fting 
of awafp, terminating in a very fharp 
point defended on each fide by a fort of 
fheath. This point is introduced under 
the upper courfe of threads, which are 
intended to be cut, and with’ great eaie 
carried forward the whole length of the 
table. 
The rapid increafe of the cotton trade 
appears to have beer owing, m a great 
meafure, to the more liberal introduc- 
tion of machinery into every branch of 
it, than into. any other of our ftaple ma- 
nofaciuces. The utility and pelicy of 
eRIating machines, to fhorten labour, 
has been a fubject which. has exercifed 
the pens of feveral ingenious writers; 
while their introduétion ito almoft every 
branch of manufaéture has been attend- 
ed, inthe outfet, with much. riot‘ and 
diforder. They are, undoubtedly, mot 
wonderful produétions of human genius, 
the progreflive exertions of which, nei- 
ther can nor ought to be ftopped: they 
enable the manufaéturer to produce a 
better article than can be made by the 
hand, in confequence of the uniformity 
and certainty of their operations; and at 
a much lower price, in confequence of 
the vat quantities of goods they are cas _ 
pable of performing. They thus fup- 
pert the credit of our manufaétures 
abroad ; and enable us, under the vaft 
load. of ‘enres, and confequent increafe in 
the price of every neceffary of life, to 
meet our foreign competitors with ad- 
antage at market. They can beg 
ow 
