388 
propofed the following prize-fubject for 
1798: ‘Is man governed by no other 
principle of aétion, than felf love: into 
which all his affections and paflions may 
be-refolved ? or, is a principle of benevo- 
Jence engrafted in his nature, diftinét 
from felf-love, and whichcan juftly claim 
the title of difintereftednefs ?” The prize 
confifts of a gold medal, valued at 400 
florins. The differtations are to be writ- 
ten, at the option of the different candi- 
dates, in the Dutch, French, Latin, or 
Englifh language, and muft be delivered 
before the 3:f of December, 1797. 
MeEnrTELLE lately announced at a fit- 
ting of the Lyceum of Arts, at Paris, a 
panorama of that metropolis in reef, by 
ARNAUD. This work, the produdt of 
fix years’ indefatigable labour, is fpoken of 
as a chef d’auvre of ingenuity and pa- 
tient accuracy. Not only every ftreet, 
{quare, and public edifice, but literally 
every houfe; in fhort, all Paris is here re- . 
prefented to view in miniature. The 
ingenious artift was rewarded with a 
medal. 
REGNIER gave in the fame fitting, a 
defcription of two new inventions, of 
which he is himfelf the author. -One of 
thefe bears the title of an Anemometer, 
and afcertains, at once, from what parti- 
cular point the wind blows, and its pre- 
cife degree of force. The fecond inftru- 
ment is termed. a Poftamometer, and is de- 
figned to determine the force of any cur- 
rent or ftream of water, 
VIALLON, one of the infpe€tors of the 
library of the Pantheon, at. Paris, has in- 
vented an hydraulic machine, which 
works without the aid of a pifton, The 
fimplicity and utility of this machine 
were fo evincingly difplayed to the mem- 
bers of the Lyceum,y-that the crown of 
merit would have been unanimoufly de- . 
creed to the inventor, if he had not been 
a member of the fociety. _ 
In the fame fitting, the poetical prize 
of 300 livres for the beft ode on the power 
of poetry, was adjudged to BILLoN- 
CouRTADE. 
M. SomMERING has lately publithed 
a very curious phyfiological difquifition 
on an aqueous fluid in the cavities of the 
brain, which he confiders as the feat and 
organ of the foul, But the following 
experiment gives us reafon to doubt 
the trut of this hypothefis. A per- 
-fon of the name of Kuehn, was be- 
headed at Brunfwick, on the 3d of Ja- 
muarv, 1707. 
ecution, his head was carried with the 
ereateft expedition to the anatomical the- 
atre, where it was inftantly diffeéted in 
the prefence of the profeffors and phyfi- 
Literary and Pbildophical News. 
France 2,802, 500,000 guild. or 6,109,000,000 
Immediately after the ex-. 
Ree 
cians, .SommMER, Rosz, WIEDMAN, 
Himity, SCHOENYAN, CRAMER, 
FRICKE, &c. The membranes of the 
cerebrum were found fufficiently — dif- 
tended with blood. Twenty-five mi- 
nutes after the execution, the operators 
proceeded to. make horizontal incifions in 
the brain, which was ftill warm and 
humid. For a confiderable time prior 
to this, no motion whatever could be pers 
ceived in the retina, nor any other fymp- 
toms of fenfation. Thirty minutes after 
the execution, the left cavity was opened, 
but without difcovering any traces of an 
aqueous fluid. The fame happened on 
opening the right-hand cavity. At the 
expiration of thirty-three minutes, the. 
third cavity was opened, and in three mi- 
nutes more, the fourth; but not the 
fmalleft drop of water was. difcoyerable, 
not even in the calamus feriptorius. As the 
cavities of the brain have no communica- 
tion with the vertebreé dorfales, it cannot 
be fuppofed that the feparation of the 
fourth vertebra from the fifth could oc- 
cafion the evaporation of a fluid previoufly 
exifting in the cavities of the bramn. The 
obvious inference from thefe obfervations 
cannot be better expreffed than in the 
words of M. SomMERING himfelf: “I 
conclude, therefore, that if this fluid 
(aqua) appertains ‘to the natural firuéture 
of the brain, it muft, of neceflity, not 
only be frequent, but more than frequent; 
that is to fay, it muft be conffant and'inva- 
viable.” . 
Dr.CromeE, in his Siatific Fournal,lately 
publifhed in Germany, gives the follow- 
ing as the probable account of the lofles 
in men and money of .the belligerent 
powers, fuftained in the prefent horrible 
war, from 1792, to the end of 1796: 
Guilders. Men. 
Auftria, 300,000,000 - 280,000 
ae Aa ‘ 130,000,000 = 100,000 
England. $00,000,030 - 150,000 
ahates 152,000,€00 te 30,000 
1793 to 95. By 
Spain. 430,000,000 - 100,000 
Portugal. 40,000,000 
Naples. 40,000,000 , = 20,000 
The Pope 10,000,000 ee 
Sardinia 38,000,000 ~ 50;000 



livres, and 1,0c0,000 men; 
No lefs than 289 different works have 
been added to-the catalogue of prohibited | 
books, by the imperial Cenfor, at Vienna, 
between the months of June and Septem- | 
ber, 1796. Among others, are Gop- | 
wiNn’s Caled Williams; Paine’s Decline 
and Fall of ihe Englifo-Syftem- of Finantes 
Dugoxr’s Life of Oliver. Cromwell, and 
Harrington’s Political Apborifmie 
| 
