Vor. IV.} 
fervations and calculations upon the Ex- 
change. 
The courfe of exchange between coun- — 
tries wanting to remit, is primarily regu- 
lated by the relative value of the current 
{pecie in each refpedtive country. Thofe 
which have a great diverlity of circulating 
f{pecie, generally regulate their currency 
by reckoning an agio, which varies in dif- 
ferent countries from 5 to 40 percent. 
Bills drawn in Great Britain, upon 
Hamburgk, Holland, or the Netherlands, 
are conlidered payable in banco, that is 
to fay, in money, either real or fictitious, of 
a certain ftandard value; and the party 
on whom fuch bills are drawn fometimes 
receives, but mottly pays, an agio or dif- 
count, proportioned to the intrinfie value 
of the currency. 
All bills drawn on Great Britain are 
fuppofed payable in the flandard coin of 
the kingdom, there is confequently no ne- 
ceility for an agio, yet the exchange is 
more or lefs favourable, according to the 
purity er deficiency of the current fpecie. 
Since the guineas in circulation have 
been ftandard weight, the exchange has 
continued in favour of this country; but 
fhould the fpecie be again generally def- 
cient, it would foon affeét the price of ex- 
change with all Europe. it 
Some years ago when the clipped money 
was in circulation, the exchange with Am~ 
iterdam fell to 26s. Flemith per pound fter- 
ling, which is only 780 guilders for 1001. 
fterling inftead of 1100 guilders, which is 
reckoned about par. But when the new 
coinage got inte circulation, the exchange 
rofe to 38s. Fiemith, or 1114 guilders, for 
roool. fterling. Ir requires to be remarked, 
that Holland and the Netherlands reckon 
6 guilders to 20s. Flemith , Hamburgh 73 
March banco to the fame, or a pound Fle- 
mith. It follows that. in all thofe coun- 
tries with which this country exchanges 
Gerling for pounds Flemiih, the more fhil- 
lings Flemith a pound fterling is negociated 
for, the more guilders or marks, &c. is re- 
ceived for 100l. fterling. 269 
Multiply by 115 


1345 
2959 
3093 19 
3 dift. from 115; or 38}, 1s 20 38 
Ree 2 2 
G. $i 23-79, 8 
oe es ee 
“3 
XN 
Calculations for the Courfe of Exchange. 537 
The following concife method of work- 
ing the faid exchanges, it is prefumed, 
claim fome juft pretenfions to being ori- 
ginal : 
Multiply the exchange by 3 (viz. half 
the number of guilders toa pound Fiemifh) 
which at 38, makes 114 guilders for tol. 
by only ftriking off the 4, and multiply- 
ing it by 2,makes rr guilders 8 ftivers for 11. 
and by adding a cypher, it makes 1140 
guilders for rool. Any other exchange 
multiplied by 3, the refult will be fimilar. 
Shillings and pence may be readily taken 
from a fingle pound. 
The uniform advance for every groot 
being 2 guilders 10 ftivers : 
Sain Qo Niseacdee 
for roo!. fterl. fee 38 and 38 «. 
it mutt be for BB Wo2nc Hse 
———— for BS ta\ug 72. 10ft. 
and every fourth groot 10¢. 
Which requires one to be added to the 
multiplier, viz. 
38. is itins 
38; — 116 and fo for any higher or 
lower rate. pact 
By making the above rules familiar, the 
guilders in rl. rol, or 1¢¢l.. may be 
reckoned from memory, as alfo the marks 
for 11. 81. and 8ol. dividing the 3 firft 
figures by 8 inftead of ‘10 for the 11. be- 
caufe the Hamburgh exchange, multiplied 
by three, anfwers to only 81. fterling. 
To apply this operation to 26ol. fterling 
at 387, multiply by 115, ftriking off the firit 
right-hand figure from the firft produce,and 
~always doubling it, place it to the ftivers 
which has the fame effeét as multiplying by 
11 guilders 10 ftivers, the fum for il. fier- 
ling for the intermediate groots between 
the different multipliers as before directed, 
add for the firft groot half the pounds you 
multiply —for the 2nd, the whole---and for 
the 3d, one and a half, always dividing 
them by 20, becaufé every additional 
groot makes half a ftiver for 11. fterling.. 
Example, fhowing how many _ guilders 
there are 269]. fterling exchange at 
38s. 7d. 
becaufe 3 times 382 is 115 
being 12 0f 269]. by 20 
the number of guilders to be paid for — 
: 2691, fterling at 387 
4 Als As 
= Sees 
