48 NOTES ON CALI REARING. 


A demonstration of this fact was made*by taking two 
separate pounds from a’churning of freshly made butter and 
placing them in two glass jars. About an inch of water was 
poured into one jar and the same quantity of sulphuric acid 
into the other, the butter being raised above the liquids in 
each case. The butter was thus exposed to a dry air in one jar 
and toa moist atmosphere inthe other. The jars were tightly 
covered and left in a refrigerator in which the temperature was 
about 50° Fahrenheit. Within a few hours crystals of salt 
began to form on the surface of the butter in the jar of dry 
air. In a few days these crystals increased in size until 
nearly the entire surface was covered with salt rosettes. On 
the other butter, which, during the same time, had been 
exposed to a moist air at the same temperature, there were 
no crystals. The surtace of this butter, however, was com- 
pletely covered with drops of brine. 
In a second trial, when the conditions were the same 
except that the two jars of butter were placed in a room 
where the temperature was about 70 Fahrenheit instead of 
50 Fahrenheit, the same results were obtained. 
The results of these experiments show that the incrustation 
of salt upon the surface of butter can be prevented by keep- 
ing the butter in a moist atmosphere. Such conditions are 
ensured either by sprinkling the floor with water, or by having 
a sufficient number of open vessels of water in the refrigerator 
or the place where the butter is kept. 
[76th Annual Report of the Agricultural Experiment Station of the University of 
'Wescomsti. | 

NOTES ON CALF-REARING. 
The Board have received from the Durham College of 
Science a-‘copy of a special report on calf-rearing, by 
Mr. W. T. Lawrence, manager of the Cumberland and West- 
morland Farm} School, at Newton Rigg, near Penrith. 
The method of calf-rearing practised at the County Council 
Farm has been so successful that the governors have issued 
this report in the hope that it may prove useful to farmers. 
