50 NOTES ON CALF REARING. 


into another calf bucket to mix or emulsify the oil, and at 
once served to the calf. The use of cod-liver oil involves 
much less trouble than is incurred in the preparation of the 
linseed soup, but the expensz is somewhat greater if genuine 
cod-liv2r oil be used. 
Where there is an insufficiency of milk for the calves on 
account of cheese-making or milk-selling, Mr. Lawrence re- 
commends the use of a calf meal made as follows: ground 
linseed one part by weight, flour one part, ground linseed 
cake two parts; 23lbs. of this mixture should be stirred in 
five quarts of boiling water for the day’s allowance ofa calf, 
and be given warm at three meals to one under eight weeks 
old, and at two meals afterwards, a bare tablespoonful of 
sugar and nearly half a teaspoonful of salt being added to 
the porridge for each meal. The cost of keeping a calf on 
this food is stated to be a fraction under 2s. per week. li 
some skim milk be available, say one gallon a day for each 
calf, it should be given with half this allowance of porridge, 
and the calf meal should then consist of equal parts of grouna 
linseed, flour, and ground linseed cake. Stress is laid upon 
the point that milk or porridge should not be given hot, milk 
as sucked by the calf directly from the cow cannot be above 
the temperature of her blood (101° to 102°), and therefore 
food fed by hand should not be hotter than this.* In con- 
clusion, Mr. Lawrence states that it is best to keep spring 
born calves in for the first year, except perhaps during the 
best summer months when they may be put on a pasture for 
a few hours daily. 
The cost of calf-rearing for a year under the system above 
described is as follows :— 
For first twelve weeks :— 

PRA Ae 
120 quarts of new milk, at 13d. - - . - = (O.05ea5 
Cod-liver oil or boiled linseed - - - - > 07 2 aS 
112 gallons of separated milk, at Id. - - - = joo ee 
6 stones of hay, at 43d. - - - - = 20.258 
10 lbs. of American linseed cake, at od. - - =. -0 0° 985 
“Calves which are fed with new milk are liable to “ white scour,” which frequent), 
proves fatal ; but this complaint has been treated with success at Newton Rigg |) 
giving the ale as soonas ‘‘ white scour” appears, two teaspoonfuls of castor oil 
and about twelve hours afterwards, one-third of a bottle of ‘‘ gaseous fluid ” filled up 
and shaken with warm milk; the dose is repeated if required on the following day. 
