PASTEURISATION OF MILK AND CREAM. 53 


cost of the latter group was only one-third of that in the case 
of the new milk calves. It will be noticed that the calves on 
cod-liver oil did better than those on meals, and apart 
from the superiority of the oil in this respect, another point 
which is said to be very much in its favour is the smal 
amount of labour involved as compared with the preparation 
of calf-meal, and moreover there is apparently very little 
difficulty in getting calves to take it. 
When the calves were about two-and-a-half months old 
the cod-liver oil and new milk groups showed very little 
difference, and both lots were very much superior to the 
calf-meal group, but after the calves were weaned the cod- 
liver oil group appeared to suffer most from the change 
Early in the winter ten other calves were purchased, and 
reared on separated milk and cod-liver oil, but when the 
milk was stopped the oil was given among the bran, and 
this is said to be a better system than suddenly stopping the 
cod-liver oil along with the milk. 
The result of the experiments indicates, in Professor 
Campbell’s opinion, that cod-liver oil can be recommended 
with some confidence as a substitute for cream and also 
for meal in rearing calves, but he advises that caution 
should be exercised in the use of cheap brands of cod-liver 
oil ; in the above experiments the oil used was of the very 
best quality. No experiments were made to demonstrate 
whether more than two ounces of oil per day would be 
beneficial. A larger quantity appeared to keep the bowels 
too open, but this looseness of the bowels seemed to be quite 
distinct from ordinary scour, inasmuch as the calves were 
not unthrifty. 

EXPERIMENTS IN THE PASTEURISATION OF MILK AND 
CREAM. 
Some interesting inquiries relating to the pasteurisation 
of milk and cream havebeen carried out at the Wisconsin 
Experiment Station by Messrs. Farrington and Russell, who 
have published the results of their experiments, so far as 
they have proceeded, in the last Annual Report of the 
