86 AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION IN AUSTRIA. 

the courses lasting throughout the year, and 57 being winter 
schools only, but the instruction given being also of a general 
character. The special schools in this category comprise 
seven for forestry, 13 for dairying and domestic economy, 18 
for gardening, fruit, vine, or hop culture, two for brewing, 
and two for distilling. 
The total attendance at all these 159 schools during the 
year 1898-9 was 5,343; there being 497 students at the Vienna 
High School or the Agricultural Department of Cracow Uni- 
versity, and 1,203 at the various intermediate schools. 
As illustrating the diversity of nationalities in the Austrian 
Empire, it may be mentioned that, according to language, 
these schools may be divided into 65 German, 62 Bohemian, 
6 German-Bohemian mixed, 17 Polish, 3 Slavonian, 2 Italian, 
1 Servian-Croatian, 1 German-Italian, 1 German-Ruthenian, 
and 1 German-Roumanian. 
The Imperial High School at Vienna was founded in 1872. 
Since 1884 there have been three separate curricula, quite 
distinct from each other, viz: agriculture, forestry, and rural - 
engineering. Candidates for admission must be bachelors of 
a State gymnasium, or of equivalent standing, but other 
persons may be permitted to attend the lectures as listeners 
only, if sufficiently advanced. The course lasts three years. 
The Agricultural Department of the University of Cracow 
has been in existence since 1890—the course there also lasts 
three years. 
Higher education in agricultural subjects is further provided 
by coursesin Imperial polytechnic academies; among which 
may be specially mentioned the courses on rural engineering 
at the German and Bohemian Polytechnics at Prague. 
Among the intermediate schools, the most important are 
those of Tetschen-Leibwerd and Jabor, in Bohemia, and 
Dublany, in Galicia. The course at all the intermediate 
schools lasts three years, except at two special institutions. 
The Vienna High Schooi and Cracow University are State 
institutions; as is also the Klosterneuburg Oenological and 
Pomological Institute among the secondary schools. The 
majority of these intermediate schools are provincial insti- 
tutions. Nearly all the general primary schools are kept up 
