DAIRYING IN UNITED STATES. 231 
stated to be about 7,500, and of this number, Iowa, which is 
the principal butter-producing State, has 780, about two-fifths. 
of which are co-operative. In these creameries about 88,000,000 
pounds of butter are yearly made from the milk of 624,000 cows, 
and it is estimated that in the same State another 50,000,000 
pounds of butter are made in farm dairies. The total 
butter product of this State is therefore one-tenth of the total 
production ot the country, which is estimated at 
about 1,400,000,000 lbs. New York is next in importance 
as a butter-making State, and then come, in order, Penn- 
sylvania, Llinois, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Ohio, and Kansas. 
The average quality of butter in America is said to have 
materially improved since the introduction of the creamery 
system and the use of modern appliances. Nevertheless so 
considerable a quantity of poor butter is made as to make it a 
large and profitable business to collect it from country shops 
at very low prices and to “renovate” it by patent pro- 
cesses. JThis renovated butter is sold to a considerable 
Eaeiimacmuie ithe (creamery article, of which it 1S a) tain 
imitation while fresh, but several States have recently made 
laws to identify the product and prevent buyers from being 
deceived. No butter is imported into the United States, 
and the quantity exported is as yet insignificant. The 
home consumption is estimated at the rate of about 2olbs. 
annually per head. 
| Year Book of the United States Department of Agriculture, 1899. 

INGRAGULR OR IN CUBA: 
In the annual report on the trade of Cuba for the year 
1899, Mr. Carden, H.M. Consul-General at Havana, gives 
some interesting information respecting the present agri- 
cultural conditions of the island, which exhibits the aiomaly 
of a purely agricultural and exceptionally fertile country 
depending very largely on foreign countries for its food 
supply. It is estimated that in 1899 the total imports of 
food products alone amounted in value to something like 
