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Technical methods of control, mechanical and chemical, including sprays and 
Aying machinery, fumigation for citrus orchards, nursery stock, mills and ware- 
eS, Or trapping methods and other means of mechanical destruction also have been 
ed and developed. In the large problems it frequently has happened that cul- 
biological, and technical measures are used at the same time. 
then the enormous annual losses from injuricus insects are considered it is 
PLANT QUARANTINES. 
Important service is rendered to the farm and fruit interests of the country, 
r the Plant Quarantine Act, by preventing the introduction of new and dangerous 
ct pests and plant diseases. There are now in force nine foreign querantines 
orbidding the entry, permitting the entry only under restrictions, of various farn, 
chard, and forest products which may harbor injurious insects or diseases. The 
6 important quarantines relate to the Mediterranean fruit fly, perhaps the worst 
it pest of the tropical and subtropical countries; the pink boll worm, an insect 
1 threatens to become the most serious enemy known to cotton; the potato wart, 
sease which not only destroys the tuber but infects the soil; and the white-pine 
ster rust and the citrus canker, two diseases which became established in the 
hited States prior to the passage as the act. 
‘A number of domestic quarantines also have been promulgated. Under these quar- 
tines many locally established plant diseases and insect pests, most of them of re- 
“ origin, are being so controlled, in cooperation with the States concerned, that 
st extermination ultimately can be effected or, at least, their spread can be 
pee Meenas al jah ‘prin sr eee to ue gipsy and brown-tail moths in 
ts some instances plants and plant products are admitted only after certifica- 
tion by the proper official in the originating country and the issuance of permits 
the Department. They also are inspected by State or Federal experts before being 
@ased in this country. Such restrictions now apply to nursery stock of all kinds, 
its, certain plant seeds, and potatoes, and foreign lint cotton. The restrictions 
gotton are designed to prevent the entry of the pink bollworm through cotton seeds 
ach are found in all imported cotten,. The cotton is subjected to fumigation in a 
acuun, under supervision, by a new process devised by experts of the department. 
‘The value of this service to the Nation is apparent. Undoubtedly many, if not 
a, of the plant diseases and pests mentioned now would have full lodgement or 
ider distribution in this country if the necessary action under the. Plant Quarantine 
f had not been taken to prevent their entry or to check their spread. I+ would be 
i ficult +0 computs the resulting loss. 
> 
THE HESSTAN-FLY CONFERENCE. 
for the purpose 
0 shroughout the 
peter ye were in 
oA conference was heid in the Bureau of Hntom 
f discussing Plans for & complete resurvey of th 
Meat-zrowing regions of the United States. The 
mtendance: Dr. LL. 0. Howard, Prof. 8. A. Forbe 
, Be as: and Messrs. W. P. Flint, ‘&. Dy: ee Ke 
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