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_ SUGGESTIONS FOR OBSERVING AND RECORDING SEASONAL HISTORY 
m EVENTS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF BEETLES. 
By . Hopkins, Forest Entomologist. 
ee Nee NO pn ee HOUT TR segs AO RID SY lO RN RS OR A NS OND ON I RN NE SR 
A OS A RS AN Lm LN ENN a NI No RE SY FU TY cE | 

en th gee HO mee A VERE Aode Sihd m cemm aR eceeN te RRR NY me Ae ee 
This scheme for observing and recording seasonal history, was evolved and 
the branch of Forest Insect Investigations, with particular reference to 
5 beetles, but is applicable to seasonal-history studies of insects in 
the observations begin with the overwintered broods, note the ‘stages in 
the insect passes the winter as (a) parent adults, (b) new adults, (c) 
d larvae, (d) medium larvae and (e) young larvae. 
rst, locate trees or parts of trees with broods of approximate even ages in 
Ly and @. Second, note the date of beginning of general activity as manifest- 
(a) by the first eggs deposited by the. overwintered parent adults, in (cs) by 
sding and development of the larvae and transformation to pupae and in (d) and 
feeding and development. 
ollow (a) and note how long the parent beetles live, when the last eggs are 
ted, when the first eggs hatch, when the first pupae appears, when the first 
transforms, and first to last emergence, 
ollow (b) and note the first, maximum and last emergence and so on for, each 
ONL. 
_ Follow (c) and note the date of - 1, the first pupa, 2, the first adult, 3, 
6 first emergence and 4, the last emergence of the adults. 
_ Follow (ad) and (e) in the same manner until the last overwintered examples of 
he overwintered broods have emerged. 
Third, note the first attack by the overwintered brood adults (b) 1, on felled 
dying trees, 2, on living, healthy trees, and follow the development of the 
; set of broods to completion and emergence. 
Fourth, in 20 to thirty days after the first observed attack note attacks on 
dled or dying, or 2, living, healthy trees and follow the development of the 
to completion. At the date of observation of attack, note whether or not 
from broods (c) have developed and emerged. 
ifth, in 20 to 30 days after the observed attack under the Fourth series, 
ttack on felled, dying or living trees and follow the broods to development 
ergence. Note as in four, the condition of the overwintered broods when ob- 
servations begin under this series. 
‘Sixth, if in 20 to 30 days after the beginning of the fifth series of observa- 
ons, the adults of the first generation under the third series have not begun to 
start another series of observations as in the fourth and fifth. 
Seventh, as soon as general emergence is noted from the broods under the third 
‘ies, begin another by noting trees attacked and follow the development and so on 
successive series at intervals of 20 to 30 days wntil activity ceases in the 
ha 
80 far as possible, infested sections of bark of the host tree,of the species 
der observation should be caged and as soon as the beetles begin to emerge, place 
resh sections in the cage. This experiment should include representatives of the 
sage of the insects that predominate in the overwintered broods, as stages a, b, °c, 
or 6. So that the corresponding series of observations, or the development and 
Peet. ¥+ & 
a) abd 4 
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my baal 
