CICADELLINAE: PART 2. NEW WORLD CICADELLINI 583 
77. GENus CARNEOCEPHALA Ba.LL 
Figures 474-477 
Carneocephala Ball, 1927c:39. Type-species: Draeculacephala floridana Ball, by original 
designation. 
Length of male 3.4-6.5 mm, of female 4.2-8.7 mm. 
Head variable interspecifically, from slightly to very strongly produced, an- 
terior margin varying from narrowly rounded to acutangular in dorsal view, 
apical margin not angulate at transition from crown to face (exception: C. 
floridana (Ball) in which extreme apex is angular), ocelli located on or before a 
line between anterior eye angles, each slightly closer to adjacent anterior eye 
angle than to median line of crown, surface of crown convex anteapically or 
shallowly concave (exception: floridana in some specimens of which there is a 
median longitudinal fossa), surface granular; antennal ledges not carinate; 
face with clypeus convex, muscle impressions not distinct, clypellus with its 
lower portion more nearly horizontal than profile of clypeus, without 
pubescence, transclypeal suture obsolete medially. 
Thorax with pronotal width equal to, or (usually) less than transocular 
width of head, lateral margins varying from parallel to slightly convergent an- 
teriorly, dorsopleural carinae absent, posterior margin concave, disk punctate 
to weakly striate, scutellum not transversely striate behind transverse depres- 
sion. Forewing with membrane usually not extending as far proximad along 
costal margin as in Cicadella Latreille, veins elevated and distinct, cells weakly 
transversely rugulose, other forewing characters as in Draeculacephala Ball. 
Hindleg with femoral setal formula 2:1:0; other leg characters as in 
Draeculacephala. 
Male pygofer with few small setae on disk near base, other male genital 
characters as in Draeculacephala. 
Female genital characters as in Draeculacephala. 
Specimens of Carneocephala Ball have been studied from Delaware, Ohio, and 
Nebraska to Florida, Louisiana, Arizona, and California, from the Bahamas, 
from the West Indies and the Virgin Islands, from numerous localities in 
Mexico and Centra! America, and from Colombia. Dr. R. Linnavuori has 
collected specimens from the Ivory Coast, apparently recently introduced. 
Carneocephala Ball is closely related to Draeculacephala Ball in the treatment of 
which distinguishing characters are discussed. 
I have studied a number of dissections of males and am uncertain about 
species limits and characteristics. I have not, therefore, tried to write a key. 
Dr. M. W. Nielson and at least one of his colleagues have been doing 
biological studies on some species of Carneocephala in Arizona, recently. 
Perhaps their results will help in resolving some of the difficulties. In the one 
report of their results available as this is written (Nielson and Toles, 1970a), 
they found that the forms Carneocephala triguttata Nottingham and C. nuda 
Nottingham were not completely reproductively isolated under laboratory con- 
ditions. Hopefully, their work will produce additional important data as to the 
validity of the ‘“‘species” in this genus. 
