56 THE AUDUBON TBULL EROS 
Birds of Wisconsin, by L. Kumlein and N. Hollister, 1903, “Straggler 
from south.”’ Only record for Wisconsin was one shot near Madison.” 
Birds of Illinois and Wisconsin. Charles B. Cory, 1909, “Rare in 
northern Illinois, accidental in Wisconsin.” 
Michigan Bird Life, Walter B. Barrows, 1912, ““Appears in lower 
Michigan but not common.” 
Birds of Indiana, Amos W. Butler, 1897, “‘Wanting about southern 
end of Lake Michigan.” 
O. M. Schantz reports, ““About March 1goo at Riverside, Illinois, a 
flock of about twenty-five.” 
After having handled over one hundred and forty species of birds I 
can safely say that the Tufted Titmouse is the sauciest scrapper of any 
birds ever handled. 
The European Starling 
NYONE who has been familiar with the history of the House 
A Sparrow, and its spread over North America, will no doubt be 
greatly interested in the story to date of the latest interloper from 
Europe, the Starling. 
The first known effort to establish the Starling was made in Cincinnati, 
O., in the winter of 1872~73. Evidently this introduction was not suc- 
cessful, for they disappeared and were not seen again. 
In May, 1889, 20 pairs were released in Portland, Oregon, but this 
colony also did not survive after 1900. 
In 1890 eighty birds were released in Central Park, New York City, 
and forty more in March of the following year. From these introductions 
have come the rapid spreading of the starling over New England and 
westward. 
In Department Circular N. 336, of the U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, 
May Thacher Cooke tells the story of the starling up to March 1925. 
It is interesting to compare the map in this circular with the map in 
Farmer’s Bulletin No. 1571, just issued. 
The 1925 map shows only a few scattered nestings west of its original 
starting point, but roving birds and small flocks had been found in Wis- 
consin, Illinois, Tennessee, North Carolina, Mississippi, Louisiana, and 
South Carolina. 
The map in Bulletin No. 5471 shows not only a spreading into every 
state east of the Mississippi, but records in Iowa, Texas, Missouri and 
Kansas. 7 
Under the Lacey Act, passed in May 1900, it is no longer lawful to 
introduce wild birds or animals. But before this enactment the Starling 
was thoroughly established and now it is a source of much speculation as 
to its beneficial or injurious standing as it reaches greater numbers. 
