NEW YORK SHELL CLUB NOTES 
Page 6 May 1977 Nos 252 
HISTORY OF MALACOLOGY TO 1825 Cabs 
Ducrotay de Blainville 
Translated and adapted by M. K. Jacobson 
CUVIER AND PTEROPODS 
Four or five years after Cuvier and Lamarck had each published his 
system of Galadetos:, Cuvier, when he studied the anatomy of Clio 
borealis in 1802, noticed that this animal had none of the charac- 
teristics of his cephalopods; nor did it have the crawling foot so 
typical of his gastropods with which, however, it had many other 
features in common. He realized that Clio nevertheless was closely 
related to the gastropods and he placed them very close together. 
Later he noticed that the animal of Hyala, collected in 1804 by 
Peron and Lesueur, as well as another animal for which he had ear- 
lier erected the genus Pneumoderma, both moved, like Clio, by means 
of winglike structures placed on each side of their body. Therefore 
for these creatures he established a new order called "Pteropoda" 
(Greek for wing foot. Ed.) to include Hyala, Pneumoderma, and Clio 
and, perhaps also Firola. Lamarck also set up some new genera in 
the Pteropoda, some of which he separated from Balanus Linnaeus. 
LOUIS BOSC * 
Despite all the obvious progress in classification of the malacozoa, 
some persons, even in France, still did not believe it to be proper 
to abandon the Linnean system as perfected by Bruguiére. Such, for 
example, was Louis Bose in his supplements to the work of Deterville 
in 1802. Although he well appreciated the value of these innova- 
tions, he still kept the fallacious divisions of Vermes mollusca for 
the naked mollusks and Vermes testacea for the shelled ones. In 
each division he followed Bruguiere almost exactly, but nevertheless 
adopted the new genera established by Cuvier and Lamarck. We have 
already shown in our discussion of Bruguiere how unnatural such a 
system is. However, Bosc, who was often able to study live mollusks, 
added much new data regarding their life histories. He also estab- 
lished some new genera (Many of which are now known to be non-mollus- 
can ascidians. Kd.). 
J.P. R. DRAPARNAUD 
In a prodrome of a great work published by Draparnaud in 1803 -- the 
work itself appeared only posthumously in 1808 -- one can also see 
Signs of a rational and convenient aporoach to malacology. This is 
bs sy eee on eh Pas or adoption of some new genera like 
» Ambretta, ausilia, Physa, and Valvata, but als = 
ner in which the author propose to describe the shell Ho htiore! ea 
the bivalve shell -- as if they were part of the animal crawling in 
front of the observer. Thus he was the first to abandon the arbi- 
trary way in which Linnaeus and his followers had placed the shells 
chides nn ae Draparnaud returned to Reamur's 
ead in his Memoire sur le movement prog guil- 
lages (Academie des Sciences, 1711). In other Peonee tS hetesee 
Draparnaud's system is the same as Cuvier's, ¢ : 
*Also a botanist, Bose was at one tim 
e sent from France to tak h 
of the Charleston garden established by André Michaux. (Duc, Peattie) 
