“ee. 
CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS 
Pea aphid on vetch and Austrian winter field peas.--L. P. Rock 
wood, Forest Grove, Oreg., reports: "Aphids (Illinoiapisi Kalt.) ine 
creased slowly on vetch and Austrian field peas both on our plots and 
‘in the fields. A few alates were produced all through the month but 
the great majority are still i hiber viviparous females. It is 
probable that none of the alates have moved out of fields where they 
originated, By the latter part of February fields of early fall-som 
‘vetch in Washington County showed a considerable aphid population for 
‘‘this time of year, whereas fields seeded after October 15 showed few 
or none. Aphids have not. yet infested our plots of peas and vetch 
‘seeded at Forest Grove on November 6 and 16, although early seeded 
plots, which show aphid populations including a few alates, are only 
S62 feet away. On the other hand, a field of Austrian peas, seeded 
after October 15, near Barlow, Oreg., showed a considerable aphid pop. 
ulation on the. side adjoining a field containing volunteer peas but 
separated by a lane. The only natural enemies of aphids observed are 
spiders and the fungous disease caused by Empusa aphidis Hoffman. 
It is feared that there may be fewer predators than usual, as aphids 
were unusually scarce in field crops in 1933. There are fewer cocci- 
nellid beetles than usual in their winter cache on Bald Mountain in 
the Chehalems. 
Rep artarit respects meteorological conditions of the fall and winter 
of 1933-34 parallel those of 1917-18, which preceded the worst out- 
break of Illinoia pisi of.recent years in the Pacific Northwest. Some 
‘of these conditions are: September rains of sufficient volume to bring 
up volunteer and early seeded vetch; a warmer than average October 
(much drier in 1917 than in 1933); a deficiency of precipitation in 
November (November 1917 was considerably warmer than 1933); a very 
heavy precipitation in December with temperatures much above normal; 
temperatures much above normal in January (January 1918 wie menked ly 
drier than January 1934). February 1918 had precipitation consider- 
ably above normal, with nearly normal temperatures; whereas February 
1934 had precipitation decidedly below normal and a mean temperature 
much above normal. The period during which the temperature was above 
the meon of 45° F. (October through February) was practically the same 
in the two seasons. The.lowest temperature in 191/-18 was 21° F. in 
January: in 1933-34, it was 25° F, in November." 
The daily period of emergence of corn earworm moths.--Geo. W. 
Barber, Savannah, Ga., reports; "Hundreds of observations have shown 
‘that moths of Heliothis obsoleta Fab. appear above the surface of 
the soil in the first two or three hours of dusk or darkness in the 
evening. Only rerely do they appear at other times, and almost never 
