a Le 
owing to the prevailing mild weather. Mr. Maloney quotes W. E. Hinds as 
reporting the existence of a similar condition at Baton Rouge, La., the 
first occurrence of it there since 1924. In Mississippi conditions are 
quite similar, according to Mr. Maloney. 
Pink bollworm emerges early.-Concerning the activity of Pectino— 
phora gossypiella Saund., C. 5. Rude, Tlahualilo, Dgo., Mex., says: "The 
first emergence was recorded on February 27, when two pink bollworm moths 
were taken; five others were taken on February 29." 
INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS 
Gambusia patruelis (Baird & Girard) survives winter in new environ— 
ment.- From December to February, inclusive, H. H. Stage and assistants 
investigated a newly established colony of this mosquito-—destroying top 
minnow in a shallow pond on Hayden Island (near Portland, Oreg.), where 
35 fish were first placed on October 11, 1950. The fish are known to be 
abundant in sluggish waters nearly everywhere south of the Ohio River. 
Mr. Stage reports that "Even though mortality (of the fish) has been 
high there still remains a good stock" here. Since the first stocking, 
none has been added and "at least 10,000 were taken from this pond before 
August 20, 1931, for stocking elswehere. By estimate, some 3,000 to 5,000 
were present on February 24 or about one-third the number" * * * present 
August 20, 1931. In other localities where it has been introduced this 
fish has reproduced in fair numbers. "But the results have not been so 
encouraging as on Hayden Island. It is hoped that from those that have 
withstood a rather severe winter, a strain may be developed that can ad— 
just itself to this climate. Last fall, 300 were taken to Lane County 
for stocking ponds producing anopheline mosquitoes. It is proposed to 
stock all permanent waters in this vicinity with Gambusia patruelis 
(= G. affinis) if a strain can be developed that will succeed here." 
Mosquitoes troublesome in Florida. - T. E. McNeel, Orlando, Fla., 
says: "Culex quinguefasciatus Say (the rain-barrel mosquito) and Aedes 
aegypti L. (the yellow-—fever mosquito) were found (in February) breed—- 
ing in many places over the country. * * * Very few adult Mansonia Sp. 
have been taken. The larvae of this species are found to be plentiful 
in the marshes. Nearly all of the larvae are full grown." 
Sand flies annoy mules.-W. E. Dove reports that "At Charleston, 
S. C., mules used in cultivating land are severely bitten by sand flies. — 
The bites of the flies apparently cause itching and result in rubbing and 
biting by the animals. Some of the mules have removed hair from so 
many vlaces that they have the appearance of a "flea bitten" horse. 
When one of the affected mules was sent to the high country there was a 
prompt improvement. In scrapings of the skin we have been unable to find 
any mange." 
Burning effective against sand flies.-Frank M. Prince, Charleston, 
reporving on treatments for sand fly larvae, says: "Burning with distil- 
