
ba 
ys Nicotine kills 3-day-old codling moth larvae in fruit.-- Fred 
_ Dean, Yakima, Wash., has conducted tests with nicotine Sulphate to 
i determine whether this material will kill young codling moth larvae 
_ that have already entered the fruit. The tests included apples which 
newly hatched larvae had entered two days and three days previously. 
The apples were thoroughly sprayed with a solution of nicotine sul-— 
phate 1 to 1,600 with a mineral oil emulsion at 1 percent. No larvae 
were found dead in the unsprayed apples, whereas in the sprayed fruit 
_ 29 percent of the 2-day-old larvae and 13 percent of those that were 
5S days old were found dead. 
Parasite of woolly apple aphid established in Wenatchee, Wash.—- 
Late in August M. A. Yothers made a survey to determine the results of 
the liberations of Aphelinus mali Hald., a parasite of the woolly apple 
aphid (Eriosoma lanigerum Hausm.)., referred to in the Monthly Letter, 
October 1931. Mr. Yothers reports as follows: "In the Van Valken- 
burg orchard and in all orchards surrounding it and in the orchards 
adjoining these still farther away, there are actually millions of the 
parasitized woolly aphids. It is established that this area of Aphelinus 
establishment covers several hundred acres of orchards. In the Chase 
orchard, about 1 mile from the Van Valkenburg orchard, 2,000 parasites 
were released on Sept. 24, 1931. On Aug. 28, 1933, it was found that the 
parasites had not only become very well estalished in this tract, but 
were also established in all orchards adjoining it on four sides and in 
orchards adjoining these still farther away. While the parasite has not 
become sufficiently abundant to afford efficient control it is not un- 
common to find as many as 200 to 250 parasitized woolly aphids on a 2-— 
foot twig." 
Bordeaux mixture not detrimental to oil sprays for codling moth.— 
R. F. Sazama, Vincennes, Ind., makes the following report on experiments 
to determine the influence of Bordeaux mixture on oil sprays used for 
the control of the codling moth (Carpocapsa pomonella L.): "It has been 
found at this laboratory that solid substance in a dormant oil spray as, 
for instance a 3-3-50 Bordeaux, will decrease the efficiency of the 
Spray in the control of the San Jose scale. From this one might readily 
conclude that similar solid material, such as lime, lead arsenate and lime, 
or Bordeaux (1-3-50), would also have a detrimental effect upon summer oil 
emulsions used as ovicides against the codling moth. It was surprising 
that experiments designed to bring out these points showed, on the con-— 
trary, an increase in efficiency upon the addition of solid materials. 
These experiments have been replicated several times and the strength of 
oil reduced to sublethal dosages in order to magnify slight differences 
in control. All thus far completed point definitely to the increased 
efficiency of the oils upon the addition of lime, lead arsenate and lime, 
and lead arsenate and 1-3-50 Bordeaux. This information is considered 
highly significant, especially as this year it has been discovered that 
small quantities of lime added to the oil spray tend to prevent the 
