
iow. 
temporal and sometimes the frontal and nasal, but very rarely the superior 
turbinate area. All stages of larval development may be found in a 
sheep or a goat head at one time," 
Fresh liver a favored food of an eye gnat.--R. W. Burgess, Uvalce, 
Tex., reports: "We have tried several methods of treatment and bait— 
ing, as well as the addition of urea, sodium sulphide, and other chemi- 
cals to rejuvenate worn-out baits. So far the results indicate that the 
presence of a good fresh liver bait is the determining factor in trap— 
ping Hippelates pusio Loew. * * * Some of the best catches were observed 
to be in traps that were exceedingly fouled and dirty, and also laden 
With the webs of the 'black widow' spider Latrodectus mactans Fab." 
Oestrid penetrates skin of reindeer.--Reporting on the examina- 
tion of microtome sections of the skin tissues of reindeer, W. E. Dove, 
savannah, Ga., reports: "The evidence shows that Oestrus tarandi L. does 
not make extensive excursions in the animal; as does Hypoderma in cattle?” 
Twenty-six days after eggs were deposited on the hair of reindeer a larva 
was found in the subcutaneous tissue near the hair follicle. Since the 
larvae penetrate, return, and cut holes in the skin within about 2 months' 
time, only about 1 month was left for this larva to complete its travels. 
Our demonstrations of the first-stage larva of 0. tarandi in the skin 
of reindeer is the first demonstration of a penetrating stage of an oes— 
trid in the skin of an animal. The demonstration in the skin of rein- 
deer is considered important because it suggests some leads and limita-— 
tions on treatments for these pests." 
STORED PRODUCT INSECTS 
Infestation of third-crop figs by Ephestia spp.--Dwight F. Barnes, 
Fresno, Calif., reports that "On November 8, 1932, a sample was taken of 
third-crop Black Mission figs, both from the trees and from the ground, 
and on November 22 a sample was taken from the ground in the same or- 
chard. These were figs which had set later than the main crop and had 
ripened after the main crop had been harvested. A portion of these sam- 
ples were held at room temperature in the laboratory throughout the win- 
ter, while the balance were stored in an outdoor insectary. The samples 
were examined May 17. No infestation was found in the sample from the 
trees, The sample taken from the ground on November 8 showed larvae 
present at the rate of more than 76,000 per ton, and those taken on Novem-— 
ber 22 contained larvae at the rate of 24,000 per ton. These observa— 
tions, together with information from soil sampling and from the malt- 
sirup bait trap records from this same orchard, indicate that large 
numbers of eggs were laid on the fruit which matured and dropped after 
the main harvest. The larvae from these eggs, when full grown, left the 
fruit in large numbers between November 8 and 22 and entered the ground 
for hibernation. Thus not only the unharvested first crop but the un- 
harvested third crop of Black Mission figs must be considered as effective 
in building up the population of Ephestia which attack the main crop of 
Pout." 
