2/25) '3 
taining solid carbon dioxide as a cooling agent to prevent excessive evapo 
Beet ton while the liquid was being discharged and weighed. The method was 
slow and unsatisfactory because of loss of some fumigant from the pans before 
) they could be covered with canvas. In the second test the pans were covered 
with canvas and the ethylene oxide introduced froma previously warmed cylinder 
through a long tube. All the test insects (Ephestia larvae and saw—toothed 
grain beetle adults, buried in the figs at the top and bottom and at one- 
_ foot intervals between) were killed in the second fumigation, whereas the 
; mortality following the first test was incomplete. * * * One grower is 
_ fumigating stacked drying trays of figs under canvas, using hydrocyanic 
acid gas generated by the pot method." 




The tentative conclusion of J. R. Arnold, field assistant at the 
_ Fresno laboratory, that the species of moths now most common in vineyards 
. is Ephestia figuliella Greg. has been confirmed by an identification re- 
_ ceived from Carl Heinrich, of the Taxonomic Unit of the Bureau of Ento- 
‘mology through H. Kieffer and D. B. Mackie, of the California State De- 
partment of Agriculture. Mr. Mackie writes also that the species has hither- 
to been unknown in the West and never previously has been recorded as a 
Mepest Of fresh fruit." 
. A study of the natural mortality of the pea weevil due to the direct 
sunshine in the field after harvest has been made by A. O. Larsen, Corval- 
lis, Oreg. He says: "It appears that the mortality of the weevils in un- 
_ shelled pea pods or in other protected places is much lower than in unpro- 
_ tected peas lying on the ground." For such unprotected peas, he records a 
_ wiortality of 735 per cent, as against a mortality of 29 per cent where sim- 
ilar ground had received a protection from straw spread over part of the 
_ field, and 30 per cent from pods picked from scattered vines about the 
mer1old. 
Newell E. Good, Sligo, Md., reports: "Numerous tests have been car- 
ried on to determine the ability of various species of insects to penetrate 
the different types of flour bags now in use. These seem to show that the 
_ finely-woven cambric bags are very good protection against most insects 
' but are of little value against such beetles as the cadelle and the black 
' Garpet beetle, which are able to chew through the bag and the larvae are also 
able to force their way through. The coarser bags, such as jute or osna— 
_ berg, are of very little value in excluding any insects." 
At Richmond, Va., E. M. Livingstone has completed egg-laying records 
on the tobacco moth (Ephestia elutella Hbn.) and other data on 55 pairs of 
moths. These records show: "The largest number of eggs laid by one female 
is 279. Egg—to-adult rearings have been completed in the laboratory as 
follows: On tobacco, 127; on yeast cake, 315; on cornmeal, 50. The aver— 
age rate of development on these foods is as follows: On tobacco, 54 days; 
“on yeast cake, 46 days; on cornmeal, 43 days. The first moth of the sec- 
ond generation in the laboratory emerged September 28. Our observations 
to date indicate that Ephestia elutella completed two generations in 1931 
in tobacco warehouses in Richmond." 
