ae ee 
larvae per boll. In the four series of experiments, comprising 40 tests 
in 160 crocks, more than 15,000 larvae were used. The results indicated: 
(1) Emergence of moths was greater from the sandy soil from Germania, Tex., 
than from any of the other seven types of Arizona and Texas soils used 
in these tests; (2) saturating the soil with water reduced survival 
(4.7 per cent of the larvae emerged as moths from the soil that was 
saturated in December, while 16.2 per cent emerged from the soil that 
was not saturated); (3) no moths emerged from soil kept constantly satu-— 
rated with water; (4) emergence of moths was very slight when bolls were 
buried in dry soil; (5) emergence of moths increased with per cent of 
moisture present in the soil up to 19 per cent water in sandy soil and 
24 per cent water in adobe soil. 
INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS 
John B. Hull, of the Charleston, S. C., laboratory, found that at 
Jacksonville, Fla., "the shady conditicns on the edges of the marshes 
were as favorable (as breeding places) for sand-fly larvae as those 
found in the vicinity of Charleston." Mr. Hull ran his isolation units 
in the laboratory of Dr. Eaton, of the Florida State Board of Health: 
"This cooperation enabled us," says W. E. Dove, "to use our experiments 
as demonstrations. The units were in operation during the meeting of 
the Florida Health Workers. The health officers, sanitary workers, and 
others had an opportunity to learn of our work." 
Roy Melvin, of the Galesburg, Il1l., laboratory, reports thatway 
Lamar, Colo., "Observations have been in progress on the total devel-— 
opmental period of (cattle grubs) Hypoderma lineatum De V. in the backs 
of cattle. The shortest total period observed was 33 days and the long— 
est so far observed was 58 days." 
Deed C. Thurman and S. M. Perry, concerned with trapping of blow-— 
flies at Dallas and Menard, Tex., report: "The total catch of all species 
of blowflies taken in the trapped area during the trapping period of 
1931 (March 1 to December 1) amounted to 18,937.6 quarts of flies." 
D. C. Parman, Uvalde, Tex., reporting on blowfly larval migrations 
from carcasses to enter soll for pupation, states: "It has been found 
that the larvae tend to cluster more during the cold, wet weather, and 
do not migrate to any extent. The clumps break during warmer days, 
and there is a tendency for the larvae to enter the soil for pupation. 
No larvae have been found at a greater depth than 6 inches in loose 
soil, and in the heavy clay soil the larvae tend to migrate to greater 
distances and pupate from 1 to 2 inches beneath the surface of the soil. 
The purpose of these studies is te find a method that might be used 
in caging larvae and pupae under natural conditions for spring emergence 
in order that further data on hibernation of flies, parasites, and pre- 
gators might be obtained." 
