Lignan 
Wireworms in Mississippi crawl on surface of soil.--K. L. Cocker— 
ham, Biloxi, Miss., reports that "On several occasions wireworms have 
been observed crawling on the surface of the ground, without protection 
of any kind. On the afternoon of July 26, in the space of a half hour's 
time, 3 larvae of Heteroderes laurentii Guer. were found crawling along 
the bottom of furrows in a field. These were not freshly plowed fur— 
rows, as it was after heavy rains had fallen in the fields. The after— 
noon was cloudy and the soil was damp. One of these larvae was observed 
to traverse a space of 5 feet in less than 10 minutes, before reentering 
Bhessoid 
Developmental zero for eggs of Limonius californicus.—-"Quite a 
little time ago an experiment was started," reports CG. E. Woodworth, 
Walla Walla, Wash., “to determine the developmental zero for the eggs 
of the wireworm Limonius californicus Mann. Like Limonius canus Le 
the 'zero' for L. californicus was found to be about 54.5° F. The rate 
judged for development from mating to hatching of the first egg was ° 
55.8° F. The incubation time, however, indicated 535.2° F. as themzens 
point. There is, as was noted in L. canus, a decided change of rate of 
development, both at high and low termperatures, producing a figure 5 
curve when plotted.” 

soil flooding kills two species of Limonius.—-E. W. Jones, Walla 
Walla, reports that "During the month of July two soil submergence 
experiments were completed in the laboratory yard. several thousand 
larvae of L. canus Lec. and L. californicus Mann. were buried in labo- 
ratory soil cages at depths of 3, 6, 9, and 12 inches. The cages were 
then flooded with water. The first experiment was run for 3 weeks and 
the second for only 1 week. These flooding tests on wireworms show 
that a 94.5 to 98.7 per cent mortality of wireworms results when soil 
is flooded for 1 week at an average temperature of 74° F. in the first 
foot of soil. These experiments also show that e 3-weeks' submergence 
period at 72.5° F. results in approximately 100 per cent kill of the 
larvae." 
FOREST INSECTS 
shipments of satin-moth parasites.-~-C. W. ee Melrose High- 
lands, Mass., reports shipments of 1,500 puparia of Compsilura concinnata 
Meig. to R. W. E. Tucker, Department of Agriculture, Barbados, B. W. I.; 
1,996 to C. F. Doucette, Sumner, Wash.; and 700 to A. B. Baird, Belleville, 
Ontario, Canada. This material was collected by J. A. Millar for shipment 
outside of New England to aid in controlling local infestations of the 
satin moth. 
Parasites of the elm leaf beetle received from Austria.--P. A. 
Berry, of the Melrose Highlands laboratory, reports that a total of 10,115 
adults of Tetrastichus xanthomelaenae Rond, have emerged from shipments of 
elm leaf beetle eggs sent by W. F. Sellers of the Budapest, Hungary, 
sublaboratory and from a previous shipment from H. L. Parker, Hyéres, 
France. "Mr. Berry exposed some elm leaf beetle eggs to attack by T 
