alta 
exposure to sunlight. The extent of detoxication was generally propor- 
tional to the period of exposure. In only three cases was more than 40 
per cent of the original toxicity retained, i. e., dihydrorotenone ex— 
posed to sunlight for 10 days, 68 per cent; rotenone—lampblack exposed to 
suniight for 10 and 20 days, 63 per cent and 71 per cent, respectively. 
The results with a 1—to-1 mixture of rotenone and lampblack show that the 
detoxication of rotenone by sunlight can be largely prevented by mixing 
it with a light-absorbing substance. The prevention or retardation of 
detoxication of rotenone spray or dust residues by sunlight may therefore 
be considered attainable." 
Growth of roaches stunted by brief exposure to cold.—-"The influ— 
ence of temperature on the growth of an insect is well illustrated by 
a current experiment on the American roach," reports M. C. Swingle, Ta- 
koma Park. "Two groups of roaches have been reared side by side for the 
past 18 weeks in an insulated room at about 82° F. Both groups were fed 
On Oatmeal, lettuce, and tap water and had identical environmental condi-— 
tions, excepting that one group was removed from the room every 5 days 
and placed in a cold room (32°) for 15 minutes——just sufficient time and 
temperature to chill the insects into inactivity and not to seriously 
injure them. The average weight of the insects kept at 82° is now about 
1,000 milligrams. The weight of those that were chilled every five 
days is now about 225 milligrams, or less than 25 per cent of the weight 
of those kept under constant temperature. It is rather hard to see why 
this short exposure (15 out of each 7,200 minutes) influences them to 
such a degree, especially as the roaches quickly recover on being re- 
turned to the warm room. The chilling effect is evidently a complex one." 
BEE CULTURE 
Nevada adopts U. S. standard grades for honey.——"Word has been re—. 
ceived," reports Jas. I. Hambleton, Somerset, Md., "that the State Board 
of Stock Commissioners of the State of Nevada has officially adopted the 
United States Standard Grades for honey. Although several States have 
under consideration the matter of the official adoption of the U. S. 
Grades for honey, Nevada is the first State to take definite action. 
Arrangements are now under way for the grading and certification of the 
bulk of the Nevada honey crop." 
German bees excel Italians in tolerance of buckeye poison.—~Geo. H. 
Vansell has concluded the buckeye-honey feeding experiment with various 
races of bees at Davis, Calif. He says: "Experimental evidence further 
strengthens the position taken from field observations that the origi- 
nal black (German) stock of bees is able successfully to surmount a mod~ 
erate buckeye exposure, whereas the Italians are not. The introduction 
of Italian stock, practiced so extensively, led to serious difficulty and 
even failure in many locations where beekeeping had previously been some— 
what of a success. Apiaries of black bees are still intact (operated 
since 1871) in parts of the Sierra foothills where Italian bees, recently 
introduced upon the advent of better roads, have been so seriously af- 
