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BEE CULTURE 
FF, E. Todd and Geo. H. Vansell, Davis, Calif., accompanied by J. 
E.*Eckert, of the University of California; made a snip in August to the 
mountain aplary at Strawberry in Eldorado County, where the colonies re— 
maining from the buckeye experiment near Placerville had been placed for 
recovery. They report as to the brood rearing in the "buckeyed col- 
onies," that "new queens, purchased from a commercial queen breeder, when’ 
introduced into these colonies, laid, in worker cells, eggs which produced 
drones, just as did the original queens. Two of these original queens, 
when removed and brought to Davis, produced normal brood and are building 
up normal colonies, while those allowed to remain in their original 
colonies with bees which had passed through the buckeye flow continued 
to produce drones even after all their buckeye honey 1ad been used and 
v hen they were feeding entirely on normal honey gathered at the new loca= 
tion. Only those colonies which had been given a four-—frame nucleus, 
with queen, came back to normal condition. It appears that worker bees 
which have passed through the buckeye poisoning are no longer capable of 
assisting in producing worker bees." No explanation has been found as 
to why these queens lay worker eggs when in normal colonies, but when in 
buckeyed colonies only drones are produced from their eggs, even when 
laid in worker cells. 
A. P. Sturtevant, Laramie, Wyo., reporting on inoculation of 
individual larvae with Bacillus larvae, says: "In the laboratory in an 
observation hive several series of larvae have been inoculated in a simi- 
lar manner to the field experiments (with avproximately known numbers of 
Spores per each 0.01 cubic centimeter per larva) except that the spore 
suspensions have been killed in the sterilizer and the suspension has 
been slightly colored with water-soluble eosin in an effort to see what 
happens to this spore suspension in honey syrup. Apparently the nurse 
bees pay little attention to the cells to which the suspension is given 
for more than half an hour, at least sufficiently long for the larvae to 
have had time to ingest some of the suspension. Furthermore, it was 
found that if the larvae so inoculated were within 12 hours of being 
Capped over, only occasionally were the larvae dragged out by the bees; 
but if younger larvae were inoculated a considerable number were likely 
to be removed from these cells. It is difficult to understand why a 
larva that is inoculated with such a large number of spores and is not 
removed, but sealed ever, does not develop the disease. This seems to 
coincide with Toumanoff's observations that the artificial inoculation 
of bee larvae is quite difficult." W. C. Northrup assisted in this study. 
Flight-range and production studies nave been continued at Laramie 
by Mr. Sturtevant, Mr. Northrup, and Russell Smith. Mr. Sturtevant re- 
ports: "At Laramie we have had 20 colonies on which weight records 
have been kept. Ten colonies are within one-eighth of a mile or less of 
sweet clover, and up to the present have made a net gain in weight during 
the summer of 280 pounds. Another 10 colonies have been located on the 
caMpus and have had to fly from a mile and a quarter to a mile and a half 
to reach the sweet clover. These colonies have made a net gain of only 
181 pounds.” 
