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Codling—-moth emergence from cocoons in the yous dslaveam 
Newcomer, in charge of the Yakima, Wash,, laboratory, makes the fo: 
ing report on experiments to determine whether emergence of the co 
moth (Carpocapsa pomonella L.) is delayed when the pupal period is p 
in the ground: "In order to find out the relation of the emer 
of codling moths from the soil to the total emergence, 500 larvae 
confined in screen cages in an orchard in the fall of 1931, 
of wood were placed in such a manner that the larvae were forced 
spin their cocoons either at the surface of the soil or beneath t 
soil against the wood. The cages were on the north side of a' tree @ | 
were shaded during the summer by the apple foliage and by clumps of 
alfalfa. * * * A soil thermograph showed that the mean temperatu 
just below the soil surface during the period of emergence was about 
50° F. The mean air temperature * * * was 62° F. Daily records « 
emergence were made, and moths emerged from May 9 to July 3. Comparit 
this emergence with the records of moths caught in bait traps, it” wa " 
found that emergence from the soil was somewhat retarded, as shown” 
below: gan 































"Percentage of Moths emerging Moths caught ~e 
_______ emergence __from soil 2 inba it rape 0 
20 June 6 + May 6 
' 50 June ll May 17 
75 June 14 June 12 
Maximum June 14 May 16" 
Codling-moth larvae better able to enter apples immediately after 
hatching.—-Fred Dean, of Yakima, has reported on tests in which re— 
cently hatched codling-moth larvae of different ages were placed or ae 
sprayed apples. "Eggs just ready to hatch were attached to the apples” 
and the control obtained was 37.2 per cent. Newly hatched larvae, less 
than 1 hour old, were placed on the apples with a camel's—hair - brush, 
and the control was 49.1 per cent. Similar larvae that had been allowed — 
to crawl around in glass jars for one or two hours were also used, a di 
with them the control obtained was 77.3 per cent. It is obvious that 
the older larvae are less able to enter the apples, and that for exper- 
imental work the use of eggs is more dependable than that of es 
larvae." 
Experiments with sprays for the control of the peach borer 
Reporting rather fully on the results of spraying 1, 2, 3, and 7 year 
trees with paradichlorobenzene oil emulsions during the period Octobe 
10 to 13, 0. I. Snapp and J. R. Thomson, of Fort Valley, Ga., summari: 
their results as follows: "Paradichlorobenzene oil emulsions applied 
sprays are an ‘mproyenent over the paradichlorobenzene crystal treatm 
for the control of the peach borer in trees 4 years of age and older, 
and it is the only method that is safe for the efficient control of the 
insect in 1, 2, and 3 year old trees." Ni 
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