
- ll - 
into two groups, those one-half inch long and one-fourth inch long, and put 
in different cages and fed wheat kernels monthly. From the one-half inch 
group, the first pupa was found July 22, and the first adult Aug. 4. From 
another group of eggs hatched on March 26, 1930, and fed a surplus of 
wheat, some were put in an 80° ¥. constant temperature cabinet on Feb. 6, 
1931, and produced the first pupa on June 19, 1931. Another similar 
group kept at basement temperatures pupated on July 30, 1931. * * * Tho 
average of 5.7 square feet shows a heavy wireworm population per acre. 
The low moisture content of the upper 6 inches of soil forced the wire— 
worms to a lower depth than they otherwise would have been." 
Rodney Cecil, Ventura, Calif., reporting on life-history studies 
of the lima bean pod borer (Etiella zinckneslla Treit.), states that the 
higher temperatures during July accelerated the development of the pod 
borer. The average incubation period for 2,222 eggs during July wag 7.2 
days, varying with average dailythe mean temperature. The average larval 
period was 17.6 days; the average prepupal period 7.6 days, while the 
average pupal period for 82 larvae was 19.2 days. The adults emerge during 
the night. In the cocooning racks, 60 per cent of the emerging adults 
were males. Mating ,although not observed, apparently takes place in the 
night and fertile eggs have been collected from pairs confined in cages. 
The average preoviposition period during July was 7.1 days. Eggs are de- 
posited during the night, the average number for 17 females being 39.1. 
It was found that the females live slightly longer than the males, the 
average longevity for the females being 17.6 days, and that of the males 
15.7 days. Mr. Cecil. says: "There was less than one per cent of parasi- 
tism of the larvae collected in lima bean pods from Summerland and the 
Rincon Mesa. The parasites are probably two species of Braconidae and 
two species of Ichneumonidae." 
P. N. Annand, Twin Falls, Idaho, reports that "during the last 
two weeks in July a brood of the beet leafhopper (Eutettix tenelius 
Baker) in the beet field has matured, causing a marked increase in the 
humbers present throughout the entire district. This brood is made up 
mostly of the offspring of the migrating insects, but is undoubtedly in- 
creased in size by maturation of offspring of the overwintering bugs oc-— 
curring in beet fields. * * * Estimates on severely diseased fields in- 
dicate the presence of a minimum of ten bugs per beet." The first esti- 
mates of tonnage-5.0+08.5 tons per acre - indicate the general condi- 
tion of the crop. The "importance of overwintering bugs in. the produc- 
tion of early cases of severe curly top is indicated by disease distri- 
bution in the Burley section." There "the severest disease in the early 
part of July was correlated with the highest numbers of early severe cases 
of the disease (caused by overwintering bugs) rather than with popula-— 
tions of spring migratory forms." 
Experiments by C. F. Henderson and H. F. Cline, of the Twin 
Falls laboratory, in transferring curly top to beets from potatoes pro- 
duced from last year's infested plants have established the fact that 
this disease is tuber transmitted in potatoes, These workers also report 
that bean fields in the vicinity of Twin Falls were practically free from 
the leafhopper by the last of July. "Curly top has occurred in a few 
