
Aa 
which the inspectors were not able to do. We were asked to visit old 
pepper fields with the inspectors and demonstrate the presence of wee— 
vils and the methed of finding them. We were able to show that adult 
weevils were present on small green shoots at the base of the old plants 
and that a large per cent of these old plants which appeared to be dead 
were actually green near the soil and were Setting leaf and blossom buds 
during warm periods. The adult weevils feed on this green material and 
are able to multiply as soon as spring temperatures stimulate reproduc— 
tion. Adults surviving on nightshade are likewise able to develop in 
nightshade berries early in the spring. From one to two and a half gen— 
erations may develop as described above before new pepper fields are 
large enough to become infested." 
J. R. Douglass, Estancia N. Mex., summarizes his notes on the 
emergence from hibernation of the Mexican bean beetle (Epilachna cor~ 
rupta Muls.) as follows: "These experiments confirm the preceding seven 
years’ findings which show that precipitation is the greater of the 
two known factors in stimulatins emergence of the Mexican bean bectle 
from hibernation; that permanent emergence rarely occurs when ‘the daily 
temperature is below 50° F.; rainfall is the starter and temperature is 
the accelerator in stimulating beetles to emerge. * * * The remarkable 
ability of the bean beetle to remain in hibernation during the hottest 
days is of great interest. Even more amazing and of more vital importance 
in practical application is the mechanical-like response of this insect 
to contact moisture." 
W. A. Shands, engaged in investigations of sugar-beet insects 
at Grand Juncticn, Colo., reports "An experiment * * * to determine 
the protection afforded by snow cover. A soil thermograph was placed 
so as to make a continuous record of the soil-surface temperature be- 
neath a 6 1/2 inch snow cover. Immediately on the surface of the snow 
was placed a hygro-thermograph to make a continuous record of the tem- 
perature on the surface of the snow. A record of a week's duration, 
in which the air temperature at 4 feet high went as low as 1 degree 
below zero F., showed that the minimum temperature at the snow surface 
went only as low as 4° F., while the minimum of soil surface beneath 
' the snow went no lower than 20° F. The temperature of the soil surface 
beneath the snow cover ranged from 20° to 25° F., while the snow surface 
temperature varied frem 4° to 37 1/2° F. These data seem to indicate 
that a snow cover even less than 6 1/2 inches in depth coffers a tremendous 
amount of protection to the beet leafhopper (Eutettix tenellus Baker), 
as the insect is located at or just slightly above the soil surface dur-— 
ing the winter." 
In a study of the ability of beet leafhoppers to withstand low 
temperatures for various lengths of time, P. N. Annand and D. E. Fox, 
Twin Falls, Idaho, subjected "leafhoppers recovered from hibernation 
cages * * * to artificial drops in a cold box * * * The most inter- 
esting result of this work is a very definite indication that the in- 
