as 
liminary laboratory tests we have found that the order of effectiveness 
is (1) water, (2) steam, and (3) dry heat." Sterilization with dry 
heat required approximately five times as long as with hot water. 
Effect of temperature on adult Mediterranean fruit flies.—-0. C. 
McBride, of the Honolulu, Hawaii, laboratory, summarizes the results 
obtained thus far in an experiment on the effect of temperature on sex-— 
ual maturity and the rate of oviposition of Ceratitis capitata Wied.: 
"(1) A constant temperature of 85° F. appears to have an irritating ef- 
fect on the adults; (2) the time between emergence and the deposition 
of the first fertile eggs was 8 days, as compared with 7 days at 75° F.: 
(5) a lower number of eggs deposited at 85° F. are fertile than of 
those deposited at ‘75° F.; (4) the average number of eggs deposited 
per female for the first 10-day period at 85° F. was 10.6, as compared 
with 23.3 per female for the first 10-day period for those held at 
75° F.; (5) no fertile eggs have been deposited at 65° F. or lower 
where both males and females were held at those temperatures from the 
time of emergence; (6) although the number held at each temperature is 
not high enough to give accurate data on longevity, yet it is clearly 
Shown that there is a higher rate of mortality and shorter length of 
life at the higher temperatures." 
JAPANESE BEETLE AND ASIATIC BEETLE RESEARCH 
Lateral migration of Jap beetle grubs.-—-I. M. Hawley, Moorestown, 
N. J., who last year reported on the migration of grubs in fallow soil 
(see April 1932 Monthly Letter), now reports: "This year it was decided 
to test the extent of the migration when grass turf was present. Two 
bins, each 8 feet long and 4 feet wide, were filled with about 1 foot of 
soil in October. In one of the bins grass seed was planted and the other 
was left fallow as a check. On January 9, when a good stand of grass had 
developed, 100 field-collected grubs were placed in a trench 1 foot from 
the end of each bin, permitting a migration as far as 7 feet in one di- 
rection but only 1 foot in the other. On February 15 and 16 * * * in the 
bin with grass, 1 grub out of 92 recovered had moved more than 80 inches, 2 
more than 70 inches, 4 more than 60 inches, 4 more than 50 inches, 5 
more than 40 inches, 10 more than 30 inches, 16 more than 20 inches, 
and 30 more than 10 inches. The others were less than 10 inches from 
the starting point or had moved toward the other side of the bin only 
1 foot away. In the bin without grass, 3. of 79 grubs recovered had 
moved more than 80 inches, 11 more than 70 inches, 18 more than 60 inches, 
$2 more than 50 inches, 33 more than 40 inches, 28 more than 30 inches, 
Al more than 20 inches, and 47 more than 10 inches. The others were near 
the starting point or had moved toward the other end of the bin. In the 
bin with grass only 10.2 percent had moved more than 40 inches, while in 
the fallow bin 63.5 percent had moved farther than this. In the bin with 
grass 95.6 percent were in the upper 5 inches, where the roots of the 
grass were available as food, and none were deeper than 9 inches, while 
